KINES 152 Midterm Review: Children Moving

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, concepts, and teaching methodologies from the KINES 152 Midterm Review.

Fundamental Movement Skills

Basic movement patterns that serve as the building blocks of enjoyable participation in physical activity and sport.

Physical Activity

Any bodily movement that requires energy expenditure.

Physical Education

A school curriculum taught by teachers with a definite purpose and specific learning goals.

Physical Fitness

The capacity of the body to function at optimum efficiency.

MVPA

Moderate to vigorous physical activity; quality physical education curricula target a minimum of 50% MVPA during class.

Functional Understanding

An understanding achieved across each domain of learning: psychomotor, cognitive, and affective.

Developmentally Appropriate Practice

Instruction that considers student characteristics such as developmental level, prior movement experiences, fitness and skill levels, and body size to maximize learning and success.

Muscular Strength

The expression of maximal force by a muscle or group of muscles.

Muscular Endurance

The ability of a muscle to exert repeated submaximal force over time.

Flexibility

The range of motion available about a joint.

Stretching for Flexibility

Static stretching performed after physical activity using 20 to 30 second holds.

Cardiovascular Fitness

A health-related fitness component measuring how well the heart and lungs function during physical activity.

Body Composition

A health-related fitness component comparing fat mass to non-fat mass in the body.

Healthy Body Weight

The absence of any medical condition that could be improved with weight change.

FITT Principle

A training principle consisting of Frequency (how often), Intensity (level of work), Time (duration), and Type (mode of exercise).

The Two Cs

Competence and confidence; central elements developed during physical fitness education.

Hypokinetic Conditions

Conditions caused by a lack of movement ('hypo' = under/lack of, 'kinetic' = movement), including obesity, high blood pressure, type II diabetes, chronic low back pain, and cardiovascular disease.

Learning Environment

The condition the teacher creates, develops, and maintains in the classroom, heavily influenced by teacher attitude.

Managerial Component

The aspect of the learning environment that establishes functional structures and organization.

Instructional Component

The aspect of the learning environment focused on subject matter and learning activities.

Routine

A series of actions designed to help a class run smoothly, such as entering and leaving the gym, grouping, or responding to stop-and-listen cues.

Congruent Feedback

Feedback directly related to the task or critical element that is currently being performed or was just performed.

Teaching by Invitation

An instructional strategy that allows students to make a decision about how to work on a given task.

Intratask Variation

Also known as extension tasks; adjusting tasks via progression or regression to meet diverse student needs.

Progression

An intratask variation or extension task that makes a task more difficult.

Regression

An intratask variation or extension task that makes a task easier.

Psychomotor Learning Domain

The learning domain emphasizing physical performance, motor development, and correct movement form.

Cognitive Learning Domain

The learning domain emphasizing the thinking aspect, including instructions, rules, and game strategies.

Affective Learning Domain

The learning domain emphasizing social and emotional aspects, interpersonal skills, self-awareness, cooperation, and goal setting.

Appropriate Behavior

A set of behaviors or actions that aligns with the goals of the class, beyond merely the absence of inappropriate behavior.

Proactive Strategies

Management techniques used before inappropriate behavior occurs to increase the likelihood of appropriate behavior (e.g., positive interactions, prompting).

Reactive Strategies

Management responses used after a behavior occurs, such as ignoring minor deviations or using nonverbal cues and proximity.

Observation

The ability to see with understanding; an essential skill practiced by reflective physical education teachers.

Back-to-the-Wall Technique

An observational positioning strategy where the teacher ensures no students are behind their line of sight.

Reflective Teaching

An instructional approach where teachers recognize that students and situations differ and adjust their practices to mitigate discrepancies.

Invariant Teaching

A rigid, 'cookie cutter' teaching style that fails to adjust instruction for differing student needs; the opposite of reflective teaching.

Skill Themes

Fundamental movement skills analogous to verbs that can be practiced in isolation and then applied across various sports and activities.

Locomotor Skills

A category of skill themes used to travel across space, such as walking, galloping, and skipping.

Nonmanipulative Skills

A category of stationary skill themes, such as turning, transferring weight, and stretching.

Manipulative Skills

A category of skill themes that involve handling objects, such as throwing, kicking, and dribbling.

Movement Concepts

Modifiers analogous to adverbs that describe how, where, or with whom a movement is performed, categorized into space awareness, effort, and relationships.

Interactive Teaching

A direct instructional approach where the teacher directly controls instruction and influences student responses.

Task Teaching

An instructional approach that utilizes learning stations for student practice.

Peer Teaching

An instructional approach in which students teach and assess each other.

Guided Discovery

An instructional approach where the teacher uses targeted questions to help students explore and discover movement solutions.

Cooperative Learning

An instructional approach focused on group work, teamwork, and collective goal achievement.

Child-Designed Instruction

An instructional approach centered around student-led, independent study.

Generic Levels of Skill Proficiency (GLSP)

A task-related framework applied to skill themes to determine developmentally appropriate activities regardless of student age or grade.

Precontrol Level

The GLSP level characterized by inconsistent trials, awkward movements, and frequent 'oops' moments.

Control Level

The GLSP level where movements become increasingly similar and replicable, requiring intense concentration.

Utilization Level

The GLSP level where skills become more automatic and can be combined and applied in a variety of contexts.

Proficiency Level

The GLSP level characterized by mastery and effortless movement execution in dynamic, unpredictable situations.

Assessment

The ongoing process of gathering information to record, confirm, and determine student understanding, learning, and competency.

Rubric

An assessment tool that provides clear expectations and feedback through a rating scale and descriptive criteria.

Inclusion

Supporting diverse learners by emphasizing their individual strengths and abilities in a healthy, accepting learning climate.

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; federal legislation mandating physical education as a required service for students with disabilities.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A customized legal document developed under IDEA detailing education plans and accommodations for a student with disabilities.

Interdisciplinary Learning

Also known as cross-curricular integration; an approach where two or more subjects are combined to enhance learning in each.

Content Linkage

An interdisciplinary method involving the integration of at least two subject areas within a single lesson.

Shared Integration

An interdisciplinary method where two or more teachers collaborate to integrate subject content across classes.

Thematic Unit

An interdisciplinary approach where a single overarching theme informs an entire unit across multiple subject areas.