Ch.9: Metals

Metals used in buildings include pure elements such as:

lead, iron, copper, tin, zinc

Two or more metals are more commonly combined into what?

alloys

__________________ is the ability of a metal to be drawn out into a long, thin form such as a wire.

ductility

___________________ metals can be shaped or formed without cracking or rupturing.

malleable

Rust on iron is an oxide that is produce by ______________________________.

corrosion

What is a brown to greenish film that is formed on the surface of bronze and copper by oxidation of the metal’s surface?

patina

Metals are classified as what two types?

ferrous and nonferrous

What is the principal element in ferrous metals?

iron

Metallic iron is extracted from ________________________.

iron ores

What addition will increase the metal strength and hardness but also reduce the ductility and its ability to be welded?

carbon

Iron is produced as ________________________, ______________________, and ____________________.

cast iron, wrought iron, and steel

Which kind of iron is cast into ornate designs and used for waste plumbing in buildings?

cast iron

Which kind of steel is generally any unalloyed steel with limited amounts of residual carbon or other elements?

carbon steel

The _________________ and processing of metals creates significant environmental impacts, including erosion, the formation of sinkholes, the contamination of groundwater, and the loss of biodiversity.

mining

What is the extraction of metal from ore by heating and melting? _____________________

smelting

To make steel, molten __________________ with at least 25 percent recycled scrap steel added is put into a steel converter where excess carbon is burned away.

pig iron

______________ a ferrous metal with zinc greatly improves its corrosion resistance.

galvanizing

Nonferrous metals contain little or no _______________.

iron

Many metals are good conductors of electricity; ________________________ is used to conduct electricity in buildings.

copper wiring

Which is the most abundant metal in earth’s crust?

aluminum

Which coatings make aluminum more durable?

zinc coatings

________________________________________ is used in heat-resistant paint and for pigments.

powdered aluminum

Which metal if left unfinished will turn brown and develop a green patina?

copper

Which metal, if added to copper will produce bronze?

tin

Which metal is necessary to human health and is generally safe for contact with food?

copper

Copper and its alloys have _________________________ properties.

anitmicrobial

Which type of chromium is toxic and its production is regulated?

hexavalent chromium

Various compounds of ________________________ are used to make colored pigments and dyes.

chromium

____________________ is usually extracted from ore by smelting or chemical leaching

silver

What is the application of gold leaf or powder to a solid surface to produce a thin decorative coating?

gilding

What is done to bathroom faucets to improve appearance and resistance to corrosion and wear?

electroplating

Which metal is used in the production of float glass?

tin

Which metal was used in the aerospace industry in the 1950s and is used today as a building material?

titanium