Biology Chapter 9: Energy Flow & Photosynthesis

autotrophs

organisms that make their own food

what types of organisms do autotrophs include?

plants, algae, and some bacteria

what do autotrophs use as an energy source?

the sun

what do autotrophs form?

sugars/carbohydrates

producers make up what % of the 5 million living species on Earth?

~20%

heterotrophs

organisms that cannot create their own food; they must obtain energy from another source

what types of organisms do heterotrophs include?

animals, fungus, many bacteria & unicellular organisms

heterotrophs are also called…

consumers

the source of energy for all living things is what?

THE SUN!

what is ATP composed of?

1. ribose (5-carbon sugar)

2. adenine (base)

3. phosphates (3)

what is ADP composed of?

1. ribose (5-carbon sugar)

2. adenine (base)

3. phosphates (2)

ATP-P=

ADP

ADP+P=

ATP

how is energy released from ATP?

by breaking off a phosphate group

how is energy gained to ADP?

phosphorylation (adding a phosphate)

examples of mechanical functions of cells:

movement and muscle contraction

energy is used for…

mechanical functions, active transport, and synthesizing & breaking down large molecules

why is energy not needed for passive transport?

molecules naturally move down the concentration gradiant

how much ATP is formed every second?

10 million!