Psy 1010 Exam 3 Ch. 10

Define motivation

The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel as they do

how does motivation affect behavior

Motivation energizes, directs, and sustains behavior.

Identify theories of motivation: Evolutionary

Motivation for sex, aggression, achievement and other behaviors comes from our evolutionary past

What is an instinct?

An instinct is an innate, biological behavior that is universal within a species.

What is drive-reduction theory?

When a drive becomes stronger, we are motivated to reduce it and satisfy our physiological needs.

What are drive and homeostasis?

An aroused state caused by a physiological need.

The body's tendency to maintain internal balance or equilibrium.

Identify theories of motivation.

c. Optimum Arousal

Individuals sometimes seek stimulation

intrinsic motivation

based on internal factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, curiosity, challenge, & effort

extrinsic motivation

based on external incentives such as gaining rewards or avoiding punishments

self-regulation.

Process by which an organism controls behavior to pursue important objectives

Identify characteristics of effective goal setting.

specific

•moderately challenging

•long term purpose

•short term accomplishment

Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

Basic needs must be met before higher needs can be satisfied

Self-actualization:

motivation to develop to our fullest potential

Define developmental psychology.

The study of how humans grow, develop, and change throughout the lifespan

Identify domains of development.

Physical development, Cognitive development, Psychosocial development

physical development

growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and

wellness.

Cognitive development

learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Psychosocial development:

emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Discontinuous

development occurs in distinct, separate, and qualitatively different stages

Continuous

Development is a gradual, cumulative, and smooth process.

One Course

essentially the same and follows a fixed, universal sequence for all people across the world.

Many

shaped by unique combinations of genetics, culture, and physical environments, leading to many different pathways.

Nature

Refers to innate, hereditary factors passed down through DNA.

Nurture

Refers to external influences after birth.

Conception

Egg is fertilized by sperm

Germinal stage

Zygote forms and attaches to uterine wall

Embryonic stage

Cells and major organ systems differentiate

Fetal stage

Skeletal and muscular systems develop

Perceptual Development

Eyesight is generally poor for objects further than 1-2 feet away. tend to mimic faces and facial expressions

Motor Development

Ability to execute physical actions such as reaching, grasping, crawling, and walking

Reflexes

Specific patterns in motor development that precede more sophisticated intentional movements

Motor Skills

Ability to intentionally move our body and manipulate objects

adolescence.

Transitional period of development between late childhood and early adulthood that begins with the onset of sexual maturity

Puberty

Rapid physical growth caused by an increase in hormones that change the composition of the body

Females

Menarche

Males

Spermarche

Everyone

Height growth spurt

Primary characteristic

Physical traits that are directly involved in reproduction

Secondary characteristics

Physical traits that emerge or become visible during puberty and are not directly part of the reproductive system.