Upper Extremity

Blood supply

________: as vessel gets smaller less tissue types are involved.

Anatomical snuff box

________: little depression near wrist that is in between the EPB and EPL tendons.

Clinical anatomy

________: def= study of the structure of the human body and its application to healthcare practice for Dx and Tx.

Brachial artery

________: splits into superior and inferior collateral arteries, eventually becomes radial and ulnar.

Deltopectoral groove

________: meeting of deltoid and pectoralis major, where the cephalic vein is.

Thoracoacromial trunk

________: 1 of 2 branches from 2nd part of AA, has 4 branches off it (Clavicular, Acromial, Pectoral, and Deltoid)

EPL

Extensor indicis m: attaches below ________ and runs to index finger.

FDS

________: tendon inserts on middle phalanx of each digit.

FDP

________: inserts into distal phalanx of each digit.

Lumbricals

________: 4 mm in the palm on the thumb (lateral) side.

Infraspinatus

________: inserts on the posterior aspect of greater tubercle, for external rotation and adduction of humerus, supplied by suprascapular n.

Supraspinatus

________: inserts on the top of the greater tubercle, for abduction of humerus, supplied by suprascapular n.

Subscapularis

________: inserts on lesser tubercle, for internal rotation and adduction of humerus.

Teres

________ minor: inserts on the posterior aspect of greater tubercle, for external rotation and adduction of humerus, supplied by axillary n.

central structure

Axillary a is the ________ of the axilla.

Hypothenar

________ eminence: group of muscles under pinky finger, flexor digiti minimi (closest to middle of hand), abductor digiti minimi (closest to outside of hand), and opponens digiti minimi (deep to the other muscles)

Xiphoid process

________: the pointed end of the sternum.

AA

Subscapular a: 3rd of 3 branches off 3rd part of ________, has 2 branches off of it, thoracodorsal artery (goes down thorax), and circumflex scapular a (goes arounf scapula.

Palmaris longus

________: middle muscle, runs to palm, can be missing in- 15 % of people.

Median n

________: supplies most of the anterior forearm and some hand, runs between the FDS and FDP.

Lateral thoracic a

________: 2nd of 2 branches from 2nd part of AA, runs on lateral border of pec minor.

Palmar

________ interosseous mm: 3 muscles (in the ________) that adduct the fingers (move toward the middle finger)

Flexor carpi radialis m

________: runs from medial epicondyle to end of first digit.

Musculocutaneous n

________: between biceps and brachialis, supplies all muscles of the arm.

Blood pressure

________: measurement of force applied to artery walls, relates to heart fxn, blood volume, and vessel wall resistance.

Ulnar n

________: runs down ulna (medial), supplies some forearm and most of the hand, outside of the carpal tunnel.

Cords

________: lateral, medial, and posterior cords.

Pronator quadratus m

________: square shaped muscle that covers the wrist area, very obviously deep layer.

Extensor digitorum m

________: runs down between radius and ulna, splits into 4 tendons for the 4 fingers.

Capillary refill

________: measures how heart is functioning, should refill quickly.

Lymphatic system

________: houses immune system, includes lymph nodes and thoracic duct.

Ulnar n

________: supplies most of the hand and some of anterior forearm.

brachioradialis m

radial side closer to elbow

Anconeus m

tiny muscle more toward midline of forearm

extensor carpi ulnaris m

runs down ulna to wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

runs down radius but more midline of forearm

extensor carpi radialis longus m

runs down radius but more lateral

extensor digitorum m

runs down between radius and ulna, splits into 4 tendons for the 4 fingers

extensor digiti minimi m

runs medially next to ED to pinky finger

Supinator m

most proximal m in this layer, short muscle

abductor pollicis longus m

under the supinator, runs lateral to thumb/wrist

extensor policis brevis m

small m between APL and EPL, runs to thumb

extensor pollicis longus m

attaches below APL and run down midline then over to thumb

extensor indicis m

attaches below EPL and runs to index finger

4 dorsal interosseous mm

abduct digits 2-4 (move away from middle finger)

posterior interosseous n

emerges from supinator m, from deep branch of radial n, the artery and vein run with this

anatomical snuff box

little depression near wrist that is in between the EPB and EPL tendons

median n

supplies most of the anterior forearm and some hand, runs between the FDS and FDP

Ulnar n

supplies most of the hand and some of anterior forearm

pronator teres m

shortest muscle here, most proximal

flexor carpi radialis m

runs from medial epicondyle to end of first digit

palmaris longus

middle muscle, runs to palm, can be missing in -15% of people

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

can kind of see between PL and FCU

flexor carpi ulnaris m

runs right along medial side down to pinky

flexor digitorum superficialis m

runs down midline of forearm, tendons insert on middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Flexor pollicis longus m

runs down the radial side and into thumb

flexor digitorum profundus m

big muscle that runs down the ulna and branches into digits 2-5

pronator quadratus m

square shaped muscle that covers the wrist area, very obviously deep layer

clinical anatomy

def= study of the structure of the human body and its application to healthcare practice for Dx and Tx

blood pressure

measurement of force applied to artery walls, relates to heart fxn, blood volume, and vessel wall resistance

musculocutaneous n

between biceps and brachialis, supplies all muscles of the arm

radial n

down radius (lateral), supplies posterior arm and forearm and brachioradialis m

median n

runs between radius and ulna, supplies most of the anterior forearm and some hand (goes through carpal tunnel)

ulnar n

runs down ulna (medial), supplies some forearm and most of the hand, outside of the carpal tunnel

palmar aponeurosis

c.t on palm, connects with PL

superficial palmar arch

formed by the Ulnar a, supplies the hand

common palmar digital aa

arteries that run within palm

proper palmar digital aa

runs within the fingers

deep palmar arch

formed by the radial a

lumbricals

4 mm in the palm on the thumb (lateral) side

FDS

tendon inserts on middle phalanx of each digit

FDP

inserts into distal phalanx of each digit

Thenar eminence

group of muscles as base of thumb, flexor pollicis brevis (closest to middle of hand), abductor pollicis brevis (closest to outside of hand), and opponens pollicis (deep to the other muscles)

Hypothenar eminence

group of muscles under pinky finger, flexor digiti minimi (closest to middle of hand), abductor digiti minimi (closest to outside of hand), and opponens digiti minimi (deep to the other muscles)

palmar interosseous mm

3 muscles (in the palm) that adduct the fingers (move toward the middle finger)

biceps m

main muscle of arm

brachialis m

deep to biceps and close to elbow

coracobrachialis m

deep to biceps and close to axilla

definition of the axilla

pyramid-shaped space between proximal portion of arm and lateral wall of chest

medial wall of axilla

serratus anterior m, innervated by long thoracic n

lateral wall of axilla

humerus

posterior wall of axilla

subscapular m, teres major m, and latissimus dorsi

anterior wall of axilla

pectoralis major and minor mm

Superior thoracic a

only branch from part 1 of AA

Thoracoacromial trunk

1 of 2 branches from 2nd part of AA, has 4 branches off it (Clavicular, Acromial, Pectoral, and Deltoid)

lateral thoracic a

2nd of 2 branches from 2nd part of AA, runs on lateral border of pec minor

Posterior and anterior humeral circumflex aa

2 of 3 branches off 3rd part of AA, wrap arounf humerus

Subscapular a

3rd of 3 branches off 3rd part of AA, has 2 branches off of it, thoracodorsal artery (goes down thorax), and circumflex scapular a (goes arounf scapula

Subscapularis

inserts on lesser tubercle, for internal rotation and adduction of humerus

supraspinatus

inserts on the top of the greater tubercle, for abduction of humerus, supplied by suprascapular n

infraspinatus

inserts on the posterior aspect of greater tubercle, for external rotation and adduction of humerus, supplied by suprascapular n

teres minor

inserts on the posterior aspect of greater tubercle, for external rotation and adduction of humerus, supplied by axillary n