A&P Chapter 2

What are the four major elements found in chemicals that comprise the human body? (CHON)

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

The three types of subatomic particles

(e-nergy) that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Which of the subatomic particles has a natural Charge? (N.P.E)

neutrons

What region of an atom contains the protons neutrons?

Nucleus

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s….

Atomic number

An average of the atomic weight of on naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Atomic mass

What is the name given with negatively charged the atom?

Anion

chemical bonding obsessing of valence electrons pairs between two atoms

covalent bond

The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, making up a water molecule is called

Polar covalent bond

Describe a hydrogen bond

A bond with a weak attraction between a PARTLY POSITIVE HYDROGEN ATOM , and one molecule and a PARTLY NEGATIVE ATOM in another molecule

Which term is defined as the capacity to do work?

Energy

Describe the law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created, nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases

Endergonic

An ——— acts to ——— the activation energy needed to start the reaction

Enzyme, lowers

Which type of chemical reaction combines reactants to produce larger products

Synthesis

Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products

Decomposition

What is the most abundant in most important inorganic compound in the body?

Water

a solute that readily dissolves in water

HydroPHILIC

In the body fluid, the solvent is……

Water

A solution with a pH value LESS than SEVEN is

(GIVES AWAY ELECTRONS)

Acidic

A compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a———

Buffer

—— is a proton donor

Acid

——- is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy

Glucose

what is the polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in the muscle and liver cells?

Glycogen

This type of lipid is the body‘s primary LONG TERM ENERGY storage molecule

Triglyceride

Used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones

Cholesterol

TRUE OR FALSE

Phospholipids are NOT major form of Energy storage

True

The describe structural characteristics of an amino acid

• __ in the middle

• R on the ___(side chain)

• COOH on the ___ (carboxyl)

• ___on the left (animo group)

• C in the middle

• R on the bottom (side chain)

• COOH on the right (carboxyl)

• H2N on the left (animo group)

Six major functions of proteins

1. E___ activity

2. Structural ____

3. ______(FROM HERE TO HERE)

4. S____

5. Movement

6. _____(PROTECTS)

1. Enzymatic activity

2. Structural support

3. Transport

4. Signaling

5. Movement

6. Defense

The primary structure of a protein consist of a sequence of ____acids linked by a ____ bond

amino,peptide

TRUE OR FALSE

Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they are catalyze

False

A common function of_____ is carrying _____ code needed for ____ synthesis

RNA , genetic, protein

The major function of ___ is to carry inherited genetic code that controls ____ synthesis.

DNA, Protein

The major function of ATP in cells is to ____ energy for cell’s ____.

Transfer, functions

Which monomer is used to build RNA in DNA

Nucleotide

What type of molecule is shown in the diagram?

Nucleotide (Building DNA)

Where in the human body cell with this type of molecule be commonly found

Nucleus

What special chemical properties does the molecule possess that allows it to accomplish its functions?

1. ___ group

2. Dioxideribose ___

3. ___genous base

1. phosphate

2. Sugar

3. Nitro

What labeled structures are found in DNA but not RNA

B ( Dioxideribose sugar)

• atomic number = Number of _____ in Nucleus

• Mass number = Total of _____ and ____

• Atomic mass = Average mass of atoms of an _____.

• protons

• protons, neutrons

• element.

_____ can ____ the amount of free radicals in the body

Antioxidants, Lower

Which substance has a pH closest to 7.0

Milk of magnesia

Which carbohydrate is a disaccharide?

Lactose

In the diagram, what pH value represents an acidic solution

Six

What carbohydrate is a polysaccharide?

Glycogen

This type of lipid is used by the body for insulation

Triglycerides

A molecule with an unpaired electron in the _____ motion shell is called a ____ radical.

Outer, Free

_____ is a general term used to refer as a sum of all the chemical _____ occurring in the body.

Metabolism, Reactions

TRUE OR FALSE.

Anabolism releases, large amounts of energy

False

AB+CD —> AD+BC Is a general example of a ____ Reaction.

Exchange

Describe an anabiotic synthesis reaction

• m_____ are join together

• Glucose is linked together to make _____

• A molecule of ____ is removed to bond galactose and glucose

• monomer

• glycogen

• water