US History Lesson II

In preparation of O'Toole test for 10.02.26

Natives desired to stay neutral but ended up preferring the _______ because they didn’t have as much population (didn’t take as much land)

French

Who sparked the French and Indian War?

George Washington

What is this?

Wampum belt

Who mainly fought in the French and Indian War

The British colonists and the French (with the Natives who were allies with the French)

How did the people view the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)

They viewed them as harsh, cruel savages.

Who was the French’s main ally?

The Huron

What is a Black Robe?

French Jesuit Priest

Who wins the French and Indian War?

The British

What is the result of the French and Indian War?

French are kicked from North America

After French and Indian War,

Treaty of Paris 1763

Geographic barrier to westward expansion of British colonies

Appalachian Mountains

Main cause for French and Indian War?

Both wanted to claim Ohio River Valley

Countries in West Indies?

Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico

Outcome of the British winning the French and Indian war?

British went into major debt

What was the cause of King Philip's War?

The war was caused by the colonists' pressure on Native Americans to give up their traditions and land.

Who was King Philip?

King Philip was Metacom, a Wampanoag leader who fought to protect his people's land from colonial expansion.

What was the outcome of King Philip's War?

The colonists claimed victory, leading to the destruction of many Native villages and the selling of survivors into slavery.

What impact did King Philip's War have on Native American tribes?

The war weakened Native resistance in New England and allowed English settlers to expand further west.

What were the alliances formed during King Philip's War?

The Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Nipmuc tribes formed alliances against the colonists.

What was the Albany Plan of Union?

A proposal by Ben Franklin to create a unified government for the thirteen colonies based on Native American governance.

What was the significance of the Iroquois Confederacy?

It was one of the world's first functioning democracies and played a crucial role in trade and military alliances.

What was the Stono Rebellion?

A major slave revolt in South Carolina that occurred in 1739.

What was the result of the Pequot War?

The Pequot War (1636) led to the near destruction of the Pequot tribe and increased tensions between colonists and Native Americans.

What was the role of the Mohawk tribe during the colonial period?

The Mohawk were known as the 'Keepers of the Eastern Door' of the Iroquois Confederacy and engaged in trade and warfare.

What was the significance of the Covenant Chain?

It was a neutral relationship formed between the British and the Iroquois, establishing mutual respect and trade.

What was the impact of the French and Indian War on Native American tribes?

The war (1754-1763) increased British colonial expansion and further marginalized Native American tribes.

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

An uprising from 1791 to 1794 against the federal government's tax on whiskey.

What was the War of the Regulation?

A North Carolina uprising from 1765 to 1771 against corrupt colonial officials.

What were the main factors leading to the American Revolution?

Colonial resistance to British taxation and control, along with the desire for independence.

What was Shays' Rebellion?

An uprising of indebted Massachusetts farmers from 1786 to 1787 that highlighted issues of economic injustice.

What was the significance of the term 'Matrilineal culture' in Native American societies?

It refers to a social system in which lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother.

What was the role of the Cayuga tribe in the Iroquois Confederacy?

The Cayuga tribe was part of a military alliance and contributed to protests against the Algonquian tribes.

What was the impact of the French starving out the Iroquois?

It led to increased tensions and conflicts between the Iroquois and the French, particularly during the 1666 period.

What were the hunting practices of the Mohawk tribe?

The Mohawk hunted seasonally and collected tree sap for trade.

What was the significance of Fort Niagara during colonial conflicts?

Fort Niagara was a stronghold that caught many off guard and played a crucial role in military strategies.

What was the importance of beaver fur in trade?

Beaver fur was in high demand and valuable, driving trade and conflicts among Native tribes and colonists.

What was the effect of colonists pushing into Native lands?

It led to violent conflicts, loss of Native lands, and significant cultural disruption.

What was the role of the Oneida tribe in the Iroquois Confederacy?

The Oneida traded inland goods for marine shells and were involved in conflicts with the Huron.

What was the relationship between the British and Iroquois during the colonial period?

The British and Iroquois formed a Covenant Chain, establishing a neutral relationship that respected Iroquois power.

Who was Metacom and what did he express about the English?

Metacom was a Wampanoag leader who stated that the English grew strong by wronging the Indians, driving them from their lands and treating them as enemies.

What was the primary labor source for the plantation economy in Southern English America before the 1680s?

Indentured servitude was the primary labor source before the 1680s.

What system did Virginia and Maryland operate under to incentivize labor importation?

They operated under the 'headright system,' granting land to masters for importing workers.

What was the typical length of service for an indentured servant?

The typical length of service was five years.

What percentage of indentured servants lived to complete their terms?

Approximately 40% of indentured servants lived to complete their terms.

What significant event in 1676 influenced planters' preferences for labor?

Bacon's Rebellion led planters to prefer African slavery over indentured servitude.

What was the first British colony to legally establish slavery?

Virginia was the first British colony to legally establish slavery in 1661.

Which Southern colony resisted slavery initially and what happened later?

Georgia initially resisted slavery but repealed the ban on African slavery after 17 years due to citizen pressure.

How did slavery differ in the Northern and Middle colonies compared to the South?

Slavery was less systemized in the North and Middle colonies, with many slaves granted freedoms and more common opposition.

What was the economic motivation behind the British colonists' reliance on African slaves?

British colonists believed Africans best served the labor demand in the colonies.

What was the outcome of the French and Indian War for France?

The French and Indian War removed France from the continental mainland of North America.

What was the significance of George Washington's leadership during the French and Indian War?

Washington's leadership experience was used against the British Redcoats, and he later became commander of the Continental Army.

What was the Covenant Chain?

The Covenant Chain was a series of alliances and peace treaties between the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy) and European powers.

What was the Albany Plan of Union proposed by Ben Franklin in 1754?

The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies.

What was the role of William Pitt in the French and Indian War?

William Pitt took over wartime operations, committed more troops, and turned recruitment and supplies to local authority in America.

What was the impact of the fur trade on French colonization in North America?

The fur trade led fortune seekers deeper into North America and established French presence in various territories.

How did the English colonies compare to French colonies in terms of population?

English colonies had a larger population compared to French colonies despite having a smaller territorial area.

What was the significance of the Seven Years War in the context of colonial America?

The Seven Years War marked a global struggle that began in America and was fought over control of the lucrative Ohio Valley and fur trade.

What was the initial response of the British to Washington's attack on Fort Duquesne?

Washington was forced to surrender after his initial attack on Fort Duquesne.

What was the outcome of the first phase of the French and Indian War for Britain?

The first phase of the war went poorly for Britain, leading to significant losses.

What were the consequences of the English empire's debt after the French and Indian War?

The debt led England to try to charge American colonists, contributing to the American Revolution.

What was the relationship between the French crown and North American emigration?

The French crown was more interested in the sugar islands of the Caribbean and did not prioritize North American emigration.

What was the fate of the French Huguenots in France during this period?

French Huguenots were a dominant religious minority with no haven in France due to Louis XIV's intolerance.