IP midterm

What was the first paid police force in the US and who was the reason

Philadelphia

Steven Girard

Who were the first detectives

Bow street runners

What are Pinkerton’s

Private Investigators

Monitored banks and trains

Tried for stopping organized labor/unions

Rougues Gallery

NYPD organized criminals

organized by crime and height

photo gallery

Who made non-presciption med drugs illegal

IRS did it

also responsible for prohibition

Supreme court decisions that impacted how law enforcement treated people and become professional

due process revolution

What was the first country to use fingerprints and dna to solve crimes

England; London

Locard theory - Edmond Locard

theory of exchange in crime scenes

you leave something and take something

______ who came up with it

Procedural law

how to proceed

miranda rights

vivtims, suspects, witnesses

Substantive law

describes the elements of a crime

Elements/body of crime

corupus delicti

evidence that a crime has been committed before a person can be prosecuted or convicted

Where can you find due process in constitution

bill of rights

5th amendment

What amendment does unreasonable search and seizure violate

4th amendment

What is an arrest warrant

order from the judge demanding a person to come before the courts asap

What is an affidavit

facts and circumstances that build propable cause for a judge to issue a warrant

What do you put on a John Doe warrant

physical description of all external features

What is probable cause

more than suspicion less than certainty

facts and circumstances play into it

What do you need to establish probable cause

plain view/observations

training and experience

personal knowledge

Fruit of the poisioness tree

have search warrant for one thing but find something different when searching

What is a misdemeanor

minor crime that equals less than 1 year in jail and fines

What is a felony

major crime that equals more than 1 year in jail but rarely fines

What is a preliminary investigation

1st person on crime scene scopes the outside perimeters immediately following detection and report to police

What is a dying declaration

admissible heresay in court when the person is actively dying

BOLO

be on the lookout

looking for specific given description

Steps in preliminary investigation

receipt of info and initial response

emergency care

crime scene control

bolo alerts

crime scene determination

evidence

report

Clear by exceptional means

victim drops charges

suspect dies

Role of senior investigator

overall coordination of everything

conduct everything

monitor everything

Who performs the autopsy/works in the morgue

forensic pathologist

Evidence that connects perpetrator to scene or victim

associative evidence

3 ways to document a crime scene

sketch it

photograph it

video tape continuously

What do you have to do to a jury in order to get let off

put doubt in their minds

2 kinds of evidence

class

individual

Class evidence

a group of objects or persons with characteristic physical evidence common to it

ex. soil and hair. paint company

Individual evidence

Individual characteristics can be identified as having originated with a particular person or source

ex. fingerprints and footprints. paint came from certain building

What do you use to make tire impressions and why

dental stone

lightweight and cures quickly

What shows the way a bullet traveled in glass

conical shape

What is a fracture match

individual pieces to collect and match together

What is a layton fingerprint

contact fingerprint on surface

use dust to collect

What is a plastic fingerprint

fingerprint seen with the naked eye

What leaves a fingerprint to find

whole surface and edges of both hands and feet

How do you collect blood

use a clean cotton cloth

What is a question document

mark that conveys a message

ex. swastica, cross, star of david

What are you trying to do in an interrogation

obtain confession

gather more info about crime

What are you not trying to do in an interrogation

identify innocence

Why do you seperate witnesses at a crime scene

avoid conspiring among each other

avoid messing with each others memory

Conditions of a bad witness

someone who is cold, hungry, or sleepy

Characteristics of interrogation room

spartically furnished

just a table and few chairs

no decorations

What is it called when someone has the ability to testify in court on specific topic

credibility

experience on specific topic

What makes a good witness

honest and cooperative
desire to impart information in their possession to the investigator

What makes a bad witness

may desire not to give any nformation in an interview regardless of what they know

What are the 2 miranda rights

right to remain silent

right to counsel

5th amendment

What can tell lying just by listening to a voice

computer voice stress analyzer

How is an obtained confession admissible in court

is freely and voluntarily given

What are the innerogritory questions and the one not to ask

who, what, when, where, why, how

not ask: why not

What goes in a police report

the official objective record of an incident

answering the innerogritory questions

Who keeps the crime stats and how do they do it

FBI

system they use: NIBRS

What does the NCIC (national crime info center) do

tells all info by looking up names, numbers, cars, etc.

accessible to all law enforcement

Who are informants, what do they do and not do

people who cooperate for considerations of charges and paid with money

expect high egos and bragging rights

does not equal get out of jail free card

What is it called when the same crime happens over and over

series of crimes

What is a hot spot

A geographical area that crime rates are extremely high

What is geographical profiling

looking for a suspect within a certain radius where crime happens

look for history of criminals with that specific crime

How does a case become cold and how it reactivates

exhausted all leads

no more evidence

reactivates with new evidence and technology

What does a crime lab tell you

whether the crime was committed or not

possible suspects

dna evidence

test substances

What is forensic science

part of science applied to answering legal questions
the examination
the evaluation
explanation of physical evidence in law

What is criminalistics

deals with the study of physical evidence related to a crime
a study of a crime scene may be reconstructed
interdisciplinary in nature drawing upon:
mathematics
physics
chemistry
biology

How do you measure the efficiency of a crime lab

proximity to where crime occured

quality

timeliness

What helps prevent inefficent in crime labs

normal work place rules

mainly credidation thats tested by an outside agency

What is the NIBIN system and what it compares

national integrated ballistic information network

images of ballistic evidence, both projectiles and casings

What can DNA can and can’t do

identify a person

cannot determine every aspect of a person

What are the 3 mortises

algor

rigor

liver

What is algor mortis

body temperature after death

What is rigor mortis

stiffening of the joints 1-2 hours after death

What is liver mortis

lividity/pooling of the blood in the body after death

How are maggots/bugs used in forensic science

can determine how long death was by age of bugs

What is the person called who studys bugs in forensic science

forensic epimologist

What is time of death

best estimate

Entry vs exit wound

exit wound is bigger because of the elasticity of skin/insides

What are laceration wounds

open and irregularly shaped

caused by blunt object

What are defensive wounds

quick slashes

often on hands and arms

What are puncture wounds

small with no bleeding

easily overlooked

same cause of death as stab

ice pick is most common in homocides

What are insise wounds

bleeds a lot

narrow at edges and gaping in the middle

inflicted with knives or razors

What are the 2 types of homocides

feloniness

non-feloniness

What is a feloniness homocide

intended

planned

What is a non-feloliness homocide

self defense

no intent

What is most commonly used to beat children

electrical cords

belts

What is most commonly used to burn children

cigs

What is maunchauser syndrome by proximity

faked illness with the intention of gaining attention

What is SIDS and what are the symptoms

s____ i____ d____ s_____

no symptoms

not malnourished or dehydrated

What are the 2 types of child molesters

preferential

situational

What is a preferential child molester

has most victimes

driven by fantasies

What is a situational child molester

has less victims

happens in the moment

What are characteristics of a child abuse victim

know more about sexual activity

low self esteem

act out aggressively

introverted

What are amber alerts

cooperation between law enforcement and broadcasters to issue an alert

If you are arrested are you guarenteed to be formally charged

no, being _____ does not mean being _____ ______

Does the media have the right to go where ever they want at a crime scene

no, _____ does not have the right to be anywhere at a ____ _____

put in a staged area away from _____ _____

Where do you take soil samples from

the surrounding area

the depth from where the evidence was found

What is a flaw about an eye witness testimony

not always reliable depending on the circumstances

exposure, attention, etc.

What are field notes and how are they used

more reliable than an officer's memory
primary information source for the incident report
completed in detail may reduce the need to re-contact the parties involved
can be used to defend the integrity of the incident report

What are contact wounds

deposit incompletely burned powder and powder grains
smoke deposits and residue

What are close proximity wounds

incompletely burned powder grains

no smoke deposit