CHAPTER 7 TEST

JANELLE

A laminectomy is a procedure used to treat osteoporosis that removes part of the body of a vertebra.

False

What is the action of the thyroid hormone thyroxine on the skeletal system?

Multiple Choice

• To remove calcium from bone.

• To increase cartilage production in the epiphyseal plate.

• To stimulate replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate.

• To stimulate osteoclasts.

C: To stimulate replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate.

What is a compound fracture?

Multiple Choice

• A complete break in the bone in more than one place

• A broken bone exposed to the outside

• A longitudinal break in the bone

• An incomplete break of the bone in more than one place

B: A broken bone exposed to the outside

The small intestine requires vitamin D to adequately absorb calcium.

True

Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male?

Multiple Choice

• The obturator foramen is more oval in a female.

• The female iliac bones are less flared.

• The angle of the female pubic arch is smaller.

• The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.

D, The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.

Consider the classifications of bone, and examples of each. Which classification applies to bones used primarily for movement rather than protection?

Multiple Choice

• Long bones

• Flat bones

• Irregular bones

• Short bones

A: Lone bones

If the atlas and axis were replaced with typical cervical vertebrae, what would be affected?

Multiple Choice

• Protection of the spinal cord

• The ability to move the arms

• The ability to pivot the head from side to side

• Stability of the cervical intervertebral disks

C: The ability to pivot the head from side to side

Lordosis is an excess curvature of the thoracic part of the vertebral column.

False

Bisphosphonates are drugs that help build new bone. These are drugs that slow the progression of what condition?

Multiple Choice

• Osteoporosis

• Fractures

• Rickets

• Heart disease

A Osteoporosis

If a certain individual’s phagocytes were non-functioning, what would occur during fracture repair?

Multiple Choice

• Fibrocartilage could not be produced within the gap between the sections of broken bone.

• The hematoma clot and other damaged tissue would not be cleared from the area during healing.

• Excess bone tissue would not be removed toward the end of the healing process.

• A hematoma would not be able to form inside the break.

B: The hematoma clot and other damaged tissue would not be cleared from the area during healing.

Osteoporosis is more severe than osteopenia.

True

What are the secondary curves of the vertebral column?

Multiple Choice

• Lumbar and sacral curvatures

• Cervical and lumbar curvatures

• Cervical and thoracic curvatures

• Thoracic and sacral curvatures

B: Cervical and lumbar curvatures

What is the process by which a bone grows in thickness?

Multiple Choice

• Increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts

• Increased activity within the epiphyseal plate

• Cell division in the medullary cavity

• Deposit of compact bone beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis

• Deposit of compact bone beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis

Anemia could prompt the conversion of yellow marrow into red marrow.

Group startsTrue or False

True, unselectedFalse

True

What does the presence of an epiphyseal plate in a bone indicate?

Multiple Choice

• The bone has completed ossification.

• The bone is increasing in diameter.

• The bone is no longer lengthening.

• The bone is lengthening.

• The bone is lengthening.

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Multiple Choice

• Osteoblasts secrete an acid that breaks down the epiphyseal plate.

• Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.

• Osteoblasts secrete collagen fibers and then mature into osteoclasts.

• Osteoblasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down the calcified bone matrix.

• Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.

What two bones form the hard palate?

Multiple Choice

• Sphenoid and ethmoid bones

• Zygomatic and lacrimal bones

• Maxillary and palatine bones

• Nasal conchae and vomer bones

• Maxillary and palatine bones

Testosterone has a stronger effect on epiphyseal plates than do the estrogens.

FALSE

Compact bone has __________Blank, whereas spongy bone has __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• trabeculae; osteons

• osteons; trabeculae

• osteocytes; no osteocytes

• spaces that reduce the weight of bone; tightly packed matrix that is solid

• osteons; trabeculae

A baseball player is hit in the face with a baseball. The impact breaks the two front teeth and fractures the bone immediately above them. The fractured bone is the __________Blank.

Maxilla

Bones in the human body are nonliving.

False

Bacteria infecting the mucous membranes in the air cells of the mastoid process most likely spread from the __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• maxillary sinus

• frontal sinus

• middle ear

• meninges

Middle Ear

Which of the following is the most abundant form in which calcium is found in the inorganic matrix of the bone?

Multiple Choice

• Calcium carbonate

• Hydroxyapatite

• Calcium pyrophosphate

• Calcium oxalate

• Hydroxyapatite

A parathyroid gland that is overresponsive to blood calcium levels will produce abnormally high amounts of calcitonin and cause bones to rapidly gain calcium.

False

Acromegaly is caused by excess secretion of the __________hormone.

GROWTH

Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?

Multiple Choice

• Hamate

• Axis

• Radius

• Zygomatic

Zygomatic

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• red and white blood cells only

• red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

• red blood cells only

• white blood cells only

• red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

An “open book” fracture occurs when blunt force trauma causes the two pubis bones of the pelvic girdle to separate, opening the entire girdle from the front like a book. The section of the pelvic girdle that would be broken in this injury is the pubic symphysis.

True

The processes of which two bones form the zygomatic arch?

Multiple Choice

• Maxillary and temporal bones

• Temporal and parietal bones

• Zygomatic and maxillary bones

• Zygomatic and temporal bones

• Zygomatic and temporal bones

Which of the following does not describe the function(s) of the skeletal system?

Multiple Choice

• It interacts with muscles, providing movement.

• It protects organs, especially in the head and thorax.

• It stores inorganic salts.

• It generates the movements of the limbs.

• It generates the movements of the limbs.

In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in __________Blank, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• excess calcium absorption; osteomalacia

• soft bones; rickets

• pituitary dwarfism; rickets

• rickets; retardation of bone development

• rickets; retardation of bone development

Which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system?

Multiple Choice

• Skeletal muscle

• Ligaments

• Cartilage

• Bone

• Skeletal muscle

Height begins to decrease on average after age _________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• 30

• 25

• 65

• 50

30

Having extra digits is termed as

Polydactyly

Blood cell formation is called

Hematopoiesis

Consider the following situation. During endochondral bone formation, the secondary ossification center never begins to form. What will the developing bone look like?

Multiple Choice

• The bone will remain in its cartilaginous model form.

• The ends (epiphyses) of the bone will remain cartilaginous during development until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.

• No epiphyseal plate will exist between the two formed ossification centers.

• The bone will remain cartilaginous in the middle (the diaphysis) until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.

• The ends (epiphyses) of the bone will remain cartilaginous during development until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.

A six-month-old baby is admitted to the hospital with a broken bone. This is the third fracture in the otherwise healthy child. The parents are arrested on charges of child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests indicate which of the following conditions?

Multiple Choice

• Osteoporosis

  Incorrect

• Polydactyly

• Anemia

• Osteogenesis imperfecta

• Osteogenesis imperfecta

A parathyroid gland that is unresponsive to blood calcium levels and that produces abnormally high amounts of parathyroid hormone would result in bones rapidly breaking down.

TRUE

Where are the capitulum and trochlea located?

Multiple Choice

• At the proximal end of the humerus

• At the distal end of the ulna

• At the distal end of the humerus

• In the hand

• At the distal end of the humerus

What would happen if the ossification center was removed during the process of intramembranous ossification?

Multiple Choice

• Surrounding mesenchymal cells would breakdown the periosteum.

• Bone would stop growing.

• Blood vessels would be encouraged to invade the area.

• A hollow space would develop in between the two layers of compact bone.

• Bone would stop growing.

If the sacrum were to develop without its primary curve, it would be concave.

FALSE

Which of the following describes the clavicles?

Multiple Choice

• Part of the axial skeleton

• Provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs

• Provide attachments for muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs

• Part of the vertebral column

• Provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limb

At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified?

Multiple Choice

• Birth

• 5 years

• 15 years

• 25 years

25 years

What is the effect of sex hormones on the skeletal system?

Multiple Choice

• They stimulate osteoclasts.

• They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates.

• They cause a thickening of the diaphyses of long bones.

• They inhibit osteoblast activity.

• They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates.

The membranous soft spots of a newborn's skull are called

Fontanels

Perforating canals form transverse channels in bone tissue.

true

What type of tissue comprises articular cartilage?

Multiple Choice

• Spongy bone

• Hyaline cartilage

• Fibrocartilage

• Elastic cartilage

• Hyaline cartilage

Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone

false (swapped definitions)

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of fracture repair in sequence?

Multiple Choice

• A hematoma forms, granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, bony callus forms.

• A hematoma forms followed by formation of a bony callus that fibrocartilage replaces.

• A hematoma forms, osteoblasts arrive and produce new bone tissue, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, granulation tissue forms.

• Phagocytes clear away debris, osteoblasts remove damaged bone tissue, and a hematoma forms.

• A hematoma forms, granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, bony callus forms.

Which of the following is not a step in endochondral bone formation?

Multiple Choice

• Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.

• Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.

• Periosteum forms from connective tissue outside the developing bone.

• Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.

• Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.

Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• chondrocytes and osteocytes

• osteoclasts and phagocytes

• osteoblasts and osteoclasts

• fibroblasts and osteoblasts

• osteoclasts and phagocytes

Not paying attention while walking and texting, Jenny trips over a curb and falls. She reaches out to break her fall, but unfortunately breaks the bone in her wrist that is distal to the radius. What bone did she break?

Multiple Choice

• Humerus

• Scaphoid

• Hamate

• Ulna

• Scaphoid

The tough, fibrous vascular tissue that encloses a long bone is the

Periosteum

The ischium is the anterior part of the hip bone.

False- back and bottom side

Fontanels in the fetal skull permit some bone movement, enabling the fetus to pass more easily through the birth canal during childbirth.

true- there soft

Kyphosis is an excess curvature in the thoracic part of the vertebral column.

True - hunched upper back

Endochondral ossification __________Blank, whereas intramembranous ossification __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• inhibits osteoblast activity; increases osteoclast activity

• replaces hyaline cartilage with bone; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue with bone

• forms bone of the cranium; forms bone of the limbs

• increases osteoclast activity; inhibits osteoblasts

• replaces hyaline cartilage with bone; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue with bone

Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of __________Blank , which in turn decreases the rate of cell division of __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• thyroid hormones; osteocytes in the periosteum

• growth hormone; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

• thyroid hormones; osteoclasts in the compact bone

• growth hormone; fat cells in the medullary cavity

• growth hormone; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

Osteoblasts are __________Blank, whereas osteocytes are __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• bone-dissolving cells; mature bone cells

• mature bone cells; bone-forming cells

• bone-forming cells; mature bone cells

• bone-forming cells; bone-dissolving cellsIncorrect

• bone-forming cells; mature bone cells

Intervertebral discs are composed of skeletal muscle.

false - fibrocartilage

Which of the following is/are not a component(s) of the pelvic girdle?

Multiple Choice

• Hip bones

• Femurs

• Coxal bones

• Sacrum

• Femurs

A landscaper accidentally had their leg crushed by a tree. Their femur was impacted with such force that a section of the bone completely shattered into fragments. What type of break is this?

Multiple Choice

• A greenstick fracture

• A fissured fracture

• An oblique fracture

• A comminuted fracture

• A comminuted fracture

Which of the following is an example of an intramembranous bone(s)?

Multiple Choice

• Femur

• Humerus

• Bones of the cranium

• Phalanges of the fingers

• Bones of the cranium

What are osteoclasts?

Multiple Choice

• Bone cells that secrete bone matrix

• Bone cells that break down bone matrix

• Mature bone cells that maintain the matrix

• Immature bone cells that give rise to osteocytes

• Bone cells that break down bone matrix

A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• mandible

• ethmoid bone

• maxillae

• vomer bone

Maxillae

As a person ages, osteoblasts out number osteoclasts.

FALSE - As a person ages, osteoclast activity tends to outpace osteoblast activity, so bone is broken down faster than it is rebuilt.

If the supply of blood cells is deficient, yellow marrow may change into red marrow.

TRUE

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, whereas osteoblasts are bone-forming cells.

TRUE

During a martial arts exhibition, a participant receives a punch that causes the xiphoid process to break. This suggests that the punch hit the pectoral girdle.

FALSE- pectoral girdle is clavicles and scapula

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk

FALSE- AXIAL SUPPORTS

The two pubic bones are connected at a joint called the pubic __________Blank.

Symphysis

Which bone marking does not serve as an articulating surface?

Multiple Choice

• Epicondyle

• Head

• Condyle

• Facet

• Epicondyle

Which of the following is not associated with spongy bone?

Multiple Choice

• Osteocytes

• Osteons

• Canaliculi

• Trabeculae

• Osteons

Where on a long bone is articular cartilage found?

Multiple Choice

• On the outer surface of the diaphysis

• Inside the medullary cavity

• In the spaces of the spongy bone

• On the outer surface of the epiphyses

• On the outer surface of the epiphyses

What three bones fuse to form the hip bone?

Multiple Choice

• The ilium, the sacrum, and the pubis

• The ischium, the coccyx, and the pubis

• The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis

• The ilium, the femur, and the pubis

• The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis

Which of the following describes a female's pelvis compared to a male's pelvis?

Multiple Choice

• A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with lighter bones.

• A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with heavier bones.

• A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with heavier bones.

• A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with lighter bones.

• A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with lighter bones.

The zygomatic bone is an example of what shape of bone?

Multiple Choice

• Flat bone

• Irregular bone

• Short bone

• Long bone

• Irregular bone

Which of the following bones is not part of the orbit of the skull?

Multiple Choice

• Sphenoid

• Frontal

• Ethmoid

• Vomer

Vomer

One of your friend’s femurs is abnormally short and curved. When asked about it, they tell you that when they were very young, they fell from a tree and fractured the femur at the distal end. Their pediatrician urged the parents to allow your friend to receive surgery for the fracture, but they refused. What most likely happened to result in the abnormal femur?

Multiple Choice

• Because he was young, the femur healed so rapidly that it grew incorrectly and no medical intervention prevented this from occurring.

• Because the epiphyseal plate was not repaired, any subsequent growth in the bone was stunted and abnormal.

• The hematoma stage of the fracture never filled in with fibrocartilage, which caused the bone to never heal properly.

• Lack of physical therapy caused the muscles of the leg to not heal correctly, inhibiting bone growth.

• Because the epiphyseal plate was not repaired, any subsequent growth in the bone was stunted and abnormal.

Which of the following is not an abnormal curvature of the spine?

Multiple Choice

• Lordosis

• Multiple sclerosis

• Scoliosis

• Kyphosis

• Multiple sclerosis

The ilium is part of the pelvic girdle.

TRUE

ibs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called __________Blank ribs.

Multiple Choice

• floating

• true

• vertebrochondral

• false

TRUE