A-level History Paper 3 Tudors

Privy Council

Body through which the monarch delegates their authority. Members are appointed by the monarch and serve as their closest advisors. For example members include Wolsey and Cromwell.

Royal Household

Monarch’s living arrangement and linked to all their domestic needs

Lord Lieutenants

Military post, responsible for mustering troops and enforcing law and order

Secretary

Close personal access to the monarch has access to the privy seal. Very influential.

Privy chamber

most influential department in the royal household, route to power and influence

parliament

nobility and clergy. For decisions to become law they went through parliament. parliament was called and dismissed as and when the monarch wanted to.

patronage

distribution of land, offices or favours

act of attainder

the king could declare someone guilty by act of parliament without having to put them on trial

Act in Restraint of Appeals 1533

stopped legal appeals in court being sent to Rome

Act of Supremacy 1534 (Henry VIII)

solidified Henry’s position as head of the church of England

Act of succession 1534

made Henry and Catherine’s marriage invalid and made his marriage to Anne valid. Henry and Anne’s children would be the heirs to the throne.

dissolution of the monasteries (begun) 1535

led by Thomas Cromwell. Henry made over £1 million from selling the land

Act of Uniformity 1549 (Edward VI)

new English book of common prayer written by Thomas Cranmer, mandated the white surplice

42 articles 1552 (Edward VI)

reforms paved the way for Elizabeth’s 39 articles, denied the real presence

First Act of Repeal 1554 (Mary I)

reversed Edwards’s reforms such as the book of common prayer

Second Act of Repeal (Mary I)

reversed Henry VIII’s reforms including royal supremacy being abolished (only lasted 3 years)

Act of Supremacy 1559 (Elizabeth I)

Elizabeth took the title of supreme governor, things such as transubstantiation were kept deliberately vague. Oath of supremacy that all but one of Mary’s bishops refused to swear.

Act of Uniformity 1559

reimposed the more radical prayer book, clerical penalties, services in English, mandatory attendance.

marcher regions

regions along the borders with Wales and Scotland that were the first line of defence against invasion

Principality of Wales

welsh lands that were conquered typically given to the heir of the English throne

Localities

regions far away from London which are hard for the monarch to control

Law in Wales Act 1535

led by Thomas Cromwell, transformed the government structure in Wales, replaced the old system with 12 English style counties

Law in Wales Act 1542

introduced a English law system including new law courts

re-establishment of the council of the north

which event highlighted Henry’s lack of control in the north

the pilgrimage of grace 1536

give 4 features of the council of the north

president from the south or midlands, local gentry, lawyers and clergy, appointed JPs

How did Elizabeth try to change the council of the north?

tried to add more southerners into the council which caused resentment among the Northern nobility

what is recusancy

refusing to go to Church of England services

who was appointed the head of the council of the north in 1572 and what affect did this have?

Henry Hastings earl of huntingdon, puritan, provided stability

lay nobility

nobles without religious titles

boroughs

towns which could send 2mps to parliament

how many new boroughs did Elizabeth create?

62

why did borough representation grow in the Tudor period?

pressure from the towns themselves, most MPs representing boroughs were gentry and not from the towns, gentry became MPs for smaller towns as they could afford it. (£70 per MP)

give an example of gentry who was MP for a poorer town

Sir Edmund Rose was MP for Dunwich in 1559

the role of the nobility in borough representation

many gentry MPs were controlled by those higher up through patronage. the nobility could use their power to control elections and put their clients in positions of power.

the role of the monarch in borough representation

many of the new boroughs were in regions under the control of the crown, the monarch could place their candidates in parliament. Eg in Cornwall and Lancaster.