232 Bacteria

staphylococcus aureus is a gram ___ bacteria

positive

is staphylococcus part of the normal flora? if so, where?

Yes, anterior nares, nasopharynx, perineum, skin

oxygen requirements for staphyloccus aureus

facultative anaerobe

staphylococcus virulence factors

catalase, coagulase, capsule, protein A, hyaluronidase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, toxic-shock syndrome toxin, enterotoxins, beta-lactamase, salt-tolerant

what type of infections does staphylococcus aureus cause?

Food poisoning, TSS, soft tissue infections, impetigo, scalded skin syndrome (Ritter's disease), endocarditis, osteomyelitis

staphylococcus aureus shape

cocci, grapelike clusters

are staphylococcus aureus bacteria motile?

no

staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram ___ bacteria

positive

staphylococcus epidermidis shape

cocci, grapelike clusters

are staphylococcus epidermidis part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes, skin and mucosa

staphylococcus epidermidis O2 requirements

facultative anaerobic

staphylococcus epidermidis virulence factors

catalase, exotoxins, exopolysaccharide slime, salt tolerance

which staphylococcus is an opportunistic pathogen?

staphylococcus epidermidis

staphylococcus saprophyticus is a gram __ bacteria

positive

is staphylococcus saprophyticus part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes, Skin, genitourinary tract, mucous membranes

staphylococcus saprophyticus O2 requirements

facultative anaerobe

staphylococcus saprophyticus virulence factors

catalase, no known exotoxins, salt tolerant

what type of infections does staphylococcus saprophyticus cause?

UTIs in sexually active young females

staphylococcus saprophyticus shape

cocci, grapelike clusters

streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is a gram __ bacteria

positive

streptococcus pyogenes shape

cocci, pairs or chains

is streptococcus pyogenes part of the normal flora? if so, where?

no

streptococcus pyogenes O2 requirements

faculative anaerobe

streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors

capsule, hyaluronidase, pyrogenic exotoxins/erythrogenictoxin, fibrinolysin, M protein, lipoteichoic acid

streptococcus pyogenes hemolysis

beta

what type of infections does streptococcus pyogenes cause?

acute pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, bacteremia, post-streptococcal disease

streptococcus agalactiae (group B) is a gram __ bacteria

positive

streptococcus agalactiae (group B) shape

cocci, pairs or chains

is streptococcus agalactiae (group B) part of normal flora? if so, where?

yes, vaginal tract and GI tract (5-30% of women)

streptococcus agalactiae (group B) O2 requirements

facultative anaerobe

streptococcus agalactiae (group B) virulence factors

capsule, other uncertain factors

what type of infections does streptococcus agalactiae (group B) cause?

multisystem infections in neonates, postpartum infections, immunocompromised individuals: bacteremia, pneumonia, endocarditis

enterococci (group D streptococci) is a gram __ bacteria

positive

is enterococci (group D streptococci) part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes, GI tract, genitourinary tract in women

enterococci (group D streptococci) O2 requirements

facultative anaerobe

enterococci (group D streptococci) virulence factors

cytolysins, adhesions

what type of infections are caused by enterococci (group D streptococci)?

nosocomial infections (UTI, intra-abdominal)

what are the two common strains of enterococci?

E. faecium, E.faecalis

streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) is a gram __ bacteria

positive

streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) shape

cocci, pairs or chains

is streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes, URT in 5-40% of women

streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) O2 requirements

facultative anaerobe

streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) virulence factors

capsule (polysaccharide), pneumolysin, IgA protease

streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) hemolysis

alpha

viridans streptococcus is a gram __ bacteria

positive

viridans streptococcus shape

cocci, pairs or chains

is viridans streptococcus part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes, oral cavity, GI, and female genitourinary tract

viridans streptococcus O2 requirements

facultative anaerobe

viridans streptococcus hemolysis

alpha and gamma

what type of streptococci is an opportunistic pathogen?

viridans streptococcus

viridans streptococcus virulence factors

extracellular complex polysaccharides

corynebacterium are gram __ bacteria

positive

corynebacterium shape

bacilli, clubbed/irregularly shaped

are corynebacterium part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes (except C. diphtheria), mucous membranes of the skin, RT, UT, and conjunctiva

do corynebacterium form spores?

no

what type of infections do corynebacterium cause?

normally do not cause infections; EXCEPT C. diphtheria which is pathogenic and can cause an infection with symptoms: sore throat, fever, blockage of airways

listeria monocytogenes is a gram __ bacteria

positive

listeria monocytogenes shape

bacilli/coccobacilli

is listeria monocytogenes part of the normal flora? if so, where?

no

listeria monocytogenes virulence factors

catalase, listerolysin O, adhesions, proteins, internalins, ActA

is listeria monocytogenes spore forming?

no

is listeria monocytogenes motile?

yes

what type of infections does listeria monocytogenes cause?

variety in humans and animals, food poisoning (listerolysis)

lactobacillus are gram __ bacteria

positive

lactobacillus shape

bacilli

are lactobacillus part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes, vaginal tract

bacilli are gram __ bacteria

positive

bacilli O2 requirements

aerobic and facultative aerobic

bacillus anthracis hemolysis

gamma

bacillus cereus hemolysis

beta

bacillus anthrax virulence factors

catalase, capsule, toxins

are bacillus anthrax spore forming?

yes

bacillus shape

bacilli, chains

what type of infections do bacillus cereus cause?

food poisoning

bacillus cereus virulence factors

catalase, enterotoxins, pyogenic toxins

is bacillus cereus motile?

yes

is bacillus cereus spore forming?

yes

what type of infections does bacillus anthracis cause?

disease of herbivores (contact with infected animal (products)), cutaneous, GI, or pulmonary anthrax

are clostridium part of the normal flora? if so where?

yes, intestinal tract

clostridium O2 requirements

anaerobic

do clostridium form spores?

yes

are clostridium motile?

yes

is escheria coli part of the normal flora? if so, where?

yes, GI tract, female genital tract

escheria coli O2 requirements

facultative anaerobic

escheria coli virulence factors

catalase, endotoxin

do escheria coli have pili?

yes

what type of infections do escheria coli cause?

UTI, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis, GI

are escheria coli oxidizers or fermenters?

fermenters

are shigella part of the normal flora? if so, where?

no

shigella O2 requirements

facultative anaerobe

shigella virulence factors

catalase (except dysenteriae), adhesion, invasion factors, intracellular spread and toxin production

what type of infections do shigella cause?

dysentery

are shigella oxidizers or fermenters?

fermenters

are salmonella oxidizers or fermenters?

fermenters

are salmonella part of the normal flora? if so, where?

usually no, sometimes bowel

salmonella O2 requirements

facultative anaerobe

salmonella virulence factors

catalase, adherence promoters, phagocytosis evaders, factors that dissemenate to other tissues

what type of infections do salmonella cause?

gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteremia

enterobacteriaeceae (shigella, E coli, salmonella) shape

short rods