PhilArts: Sculpture, Architecture, Printmaking, Performing Arts, and Painting

Vocabulary flashcards covering sculpture, architecture, printmaking, music, theater, dance, broadcasting, traditional Philippine art forms, painting techniques, and art appraisal concepts from the lecture notes.

Carving

A sculpture-making process in which the artist removes or cuts away parts of a solid material, such as wood or stone, to create a form or design.

Modeling

A sculpture process of adding, shaping, and forming soft materials such as clay or wax by hand.

Assembling

A process of joining different found objects or discarded materials to create one unified three-dimensional artwork.

Casting

A process in which a liquid material, such as bronze, plaster, or resin, is poured into a hollow mold and allowed to harden before the mold is removed.

Kinetic sculpture

A sculpture designed to move, where the whole artwork or some of its parts move because of wind, vibration, or another source of motion.

Bul’ul

A traditional Ifugao carved wooden figure associated with rice farming and cultural beliefs.

Bamboo

A renewable building material with a high strength-to-weight ratio, natural thermal insulation, carbon storage capability, rapid growth, and high tensile strength that allows it to bend without easily breaking.

Bamboo architecture

A structure combining bamboo as its main material with design inspiration drawn from traditional Filipino architecture, such as the Bamboo Pavilion.

Brick architecture

A building method where clay bricks are arranged and joined with mortar to create durable walls and decorative building designs.

Stone

A building material valued for its high compressive strength, durability, and ability to help maintain indoor temperatures.

Printmaking

An art process in which an image is prepared on a surface and transferred to another material, such as paper or fabric, allowing an artist to produce multiple copies.

Matrix

The prepared surface or source from which an image is transferred during printmaking.

Relief printing

A printmaking process where the raised parts of a prepared surface receive ink and transfer the image, such as carving away unwanted areas of a wooden block.

Planographic printing

A printmaking process that uses a flat surface prepared so that ink is held only in selected areas.

Intaglio printing

A printmaking process in which the image is held in incised or recessed areas of the printing surface.

Traditional instruments

Musical instruments made from natural materials such as wood, metal, animal skin, and bamboo that reflect a community’s cultural heritage.

Sampling

Using pre-recorded sounds, environmental noises, or existing audio as material for a new composition.

Mixing

Combining and balancing different sound elements or tracks to create a unified musical composition.

Sampling and mixing

A music-making process in which recorded sounds, traditional beats, and modern electronic tracks are combined to produce new music.

Producers / arrangers

People who use tools such as mixing, sampling, Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) software, and fusion techniques to build complete tracks.

Epic Theatre

A theatrical approach associated with anti-realistic techniques such as open staging, direct address to the audience, and the alienation effect (Verfremdungseffekt).

Method Acting

An acting approach in which an actor may draw on personal emotional experiences to portray a character’s feelings convincingly.

Stanislavski’s System

An acting approach that uses character objectives, given circumstances, and the 'magic if' to help actors develop believable performances.

Mise-en-scène

The arrangement of visual elements within a performance or film scene, including setting, lighting, costume, props, and actor placement.

A’ terre

A dance term meaning on the ground or with the feet remaining in contact with the floor.

Cachucha

A Spanish dance performed with castanets and commonly associated with a $\frac{3}{4}$ or $\frac{3}{8}$ time signature.

Elevation

The ability or action of rising or jumping into the air in dance.

Non-linear editing (NLE)

Assembling footage out of chronological order using digital software, manipulating pacing through cutting rates, montage, and juxtaposition.

Teleprompter and anchor delivery

A setup where a teleprompter displays a script for a presenter to read while maintaining delivery toward the camera or audience.

Kaholo

A basic hula step involving side-to-side movement.

Patada

A dance movement involving a kick.

Kabuki

A traditional Japanese dance-drama featuring stylized movements and narrative performance.

Visual effects (VFX) and color grading

Production processes where VFX adds or alters visual elements, and color grading adjusts the colors and visual tone of footage.

Pabalat / Borlas de Pastillas

A traditional paper-cutting art associated with decorative wrappers for pastillas, made by folding thin paper, planning or tracing a design, and unfolding it to reveal a delicate pattern.

Taka / Paper mâché

A traditional art practice associated with Paete, Laguna, using paper and paste to create three-dimensional figures such as horses, birds, animals, and dolls.

Embroidery / Pagbuburda

The art of decorating fabric with thread to create detailed designs, traditionally associated with Lumban, Laguna.

Contemporary art

Art created using ideas, materials, methods, and approaches relevant to the artist’s time and context, potentially combining traditional methods, modern technologies, and everyday objects.

Graffiti

Drawings, lettering, or images made on public walls to express ideas, represent culture, or communicate social issues.

Collage

An artwork made by cutting, tearing, and arranging materials such as photographs, newspaper, colored paper, and fabric into one composition.

Minimalism

An artistic approach that uses essential shapes, lines, and colors while removing unnecessary details to create a simple composition.

Impasto

A painting technique that applies thick layers of paint, creating visible, raised brushstrokes and a textured, three-dimensional effect.

Washing

A technique that applies a thin, diluted layer of paint, often mixed with plenty of water, to create a transparent or semi-transparent effect.

Critique

A formal and constructive evaluation that considers both strengths and weaknesses, including the suitability, quality, availability, and cost of art materials in relation to the intended outcome.

Sgraffito

A technique in which an artist scratches or scrapes through a wet upper layer of paint to reveal a contrasting color underneath.

Negative painting

An approach in which the artist paints the surrounding or empty spaces rather than painting the main subject directly, helping the subject stand out.

Criticism

An evaluation based mainly on personal feelings, sensory experiences, or individual preferences, rather than a structured and objective assessment.

Contemporary materials

Materials that are accessible, flexible to use, and compatible with modern technologies.

Availability

The ease with which needed art materials can be obtained, such as from local stores or online shops.

Monochromatic

A color scheme based on one color and its variations in lightness and darkness.

Cross-hatching

A drawing technique that builds tone, shadows, depth, and volume by layering sets of parallel lines that intersect at different angles.

Blending

A technique that smoothly transitions two or more colors or tones into one another, reducing harsh lines and creating gradients or soft shadows.

Underpainting

An initial layer of paint applied before the final colors that helps establish the composition, perspective, and basic light-and-dark values of an artwork.