Intellectual Property Rights, Patents, Cyber Law, and E-Governance

Practice fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Indian patent filing procedures, copyright protection for software, technology transfer, digital signatures, cybercrime, and the Information Technology Act, 2000.

Legal rights granted to creators and inventors to protect their inventions, designs, and original works from unauthorized use are known as __________.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

The specialized international organization that administers international IP treaties and systems and promotes cooperation between countries is __________.

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)

The organization that administers international trade rules, including the TRIPS Agreement, is the __________.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

In India, the statutory term of protection for a patent is generally __________ from the date of filing, subject to payment of renewal fees.

20 years

Under Indian copyright law, the duration of copyright for qualifying literary works is generally the life of the author plus __________.

60 years

A trademark registration in India is generally valid for __________ per registration and can be renewed indefinitely.

10 years

Under Indian law, an industrial design registration is generally valid for 10 years and can be extended by __________.

5 years

While a patent protects technical innovations, an industrial design specifically protects the __________ of a product.

visual appearance

In India, after filing a provisional patent specification, the complete specification must generally be submitted within __________.

12 months

A patent application in India is generally published by the Patent Office after __________ from the filing or priority date, unless early publication is requested.

18 months

Under the Indian copyright system, computer programs and software source code are legally protected as __________.

literary works

To satisfy the inventive step requirement, an invention must involve a technical advance or economic significance and must not be __________ to a person skilled in the art.

obvious

A patent claiming a physical machine, device, or apparatus is classified as a __________ patent.

product

The automobile patent dispute between Bajaj Auto Ltd. and TVS Motor Company Ltd. centered on internal-combustion engine technology associated with Bajaj's __________ technology.

DTS-i

The method of commercializing IP by transferring full ownership of the intellectual property to another party is called __________.

assignment

When searching Google Patents, researchers use __________ codes to find relevant documents that may employ different terminology.

classification

The process of transferring scientific knowledge and research inventions from academic institutions to commercial organizations is called __________.

technology transfer

In a digital signature system, the sender encrypts the document hash digest using their __________ to create the signature.

private key

To verify the integrity and origin of a digitally signed document, the receiver uses the sender's __________.

public key

Delivery of digital public services such as certificates and utility bill payments directly to citizens is classified as __________ e-governance.

Government to Citizen (G2C)

The cybercrime where malicious actors send deceptive emails or messages to trick individuals into revealing confidential credentials is known as __________.

phishing

Malicious software that encrypts user files and demands financial payment to restore access is classified as __________.

ransomware

The primary Indian legislation providing legal recognition to electronic records, digital signatures, and e-commerce transactions is the __________.

Information Technology Act, 2000