Lab 1 typed out

name 5 layers of organization

cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

cell defention

the smallest idependely fuctioning unit of a living organism

tissue defintion

a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

anatomic postion

the standard position of the body used as a reference in anatomy, where the body is upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.

cytoplasm

jelly like fluid where organelles float and reactions happen

lysosome

breaks down waste and unwanted material

nuclear membrane

barrier around nucleus

centrioles

helps cell divide

smooth endoplasmic retculum

makes fats and removes toxins

plasma membrane

controls what enters and leaves the cell

mitochondria

makes energy for the cell

nucleus

stores dna and controls the cell

nucleolus

makes ribosomes inside the nucleus

rough endoplasmic reticulum

makes and mves proteins and has ribosomes

ribosomes

makes proteins

golgi apparatus

packages and ships materials

vesicle

carries materials around the cell

Flagella

helps a cell move through space

cilia

helps substances pass across the cells surface

microvilli

to increase cell surface area and facillate absorption

what is a double layer of molecules that forms the basic structure of a cells plasma membrane

phospolipid bilayer

each phospholipid has a blank head and two blank tails

hydrophilic, hydrophobic

the difference in solute concentration between two areas is called

concentration gradient

if the ECF has less solute than the ICF it is called a what

hypotonic solution

if a cell is a hypotonic solution what will move blank and the cell would blank

water will move in and the cell would swell

if a cell is in a hypertonic solution water will move blank and the cell would blank

water will move out and the cell would shrink

RUQ

most of liver and gallbladder

LUQ

contains stomach and spleen

RLQ

appendix

LLQ

decending colon and left ovary

squamous

flat,thin cell shape

cuboidal

cube shaped cells

columnar

tall recticular shape

simple

one layer of cells

stratified

mutiple layers of cells

cilia

hair-like structures that move substances

microvilli

extensions that increase surface area for absorption

glandular

specialized for secretion

keratinized

surface cells contain hardened tough protective layer

the free/top of epithelial cells faces the lumen or outside is called

the apical surface.

the bottom part of epitheial cells attaches to the basemnet membrane

is known as the basal surface.

have a good blood supply

adipose and bone

have a poor blood supply

the dense connective tissue and tendons and ligaments

has no direct blood supply/avascular

cartilage connective tissue

has components that are more loosely arranged

loose connective tissue proper

has components that are more tightly packed

dense connective tissue proper

what tissues are made out of collogen fibers

dense regular and dense irregular tissues

what tissue is elastic fibers made out of

elastic connective tissue

what is connective tissues main function

supports,binds,protects,transport

what is connective tissues key features

contains cells, fibers, ( collogen, elastic, reticular), ground substance

epithelial main functions are

covers surfaces,protects,secretes, absorbs

epithelial key features

tightly packed cells, forms layers, has apical and basal surfaces

muscle tissue main functions

produces movement

muscle tissue key features

long cells called muscle fibers capable of contration

nervous tissue main function

transmits electrical impulses, controls body

nervous tissue key features

made up of neurons and supporting cells

skeletal muscle structure is

long, cylindrical striated, multinucleated cells

skeletal muscle function

responsible for voluntary movements of the body and maintaining posture.

skeltal muscle location example

attach to bones

cardiac muscle structure is

branched, sytriated cells with intercalated discs, one nucleus

caradiac muscle function

involuntary pumping of blood

caradiac muscle example

heart wall

smooth muscle structure is

spindle-shaped, non-striated cells with one nucleus

smooth muscle function

involuntary movement of organs

smooth muscle example

walls of hollow organs stomach

neurons

transmit nerve impulses throughout the body.

neuroglia

support, nourish and protect neurons,