Mammals of the World #5

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Family of tapirs

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae

*-snout modified into movable proboscis

*-nasals heart shaped projecting over nasal opening

-cheekteeth bilophodont

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Family of rhinos

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae

-only non-artiodactyl with hood ornament (hair horn made of keratin)

*-nasals large and thick (rugose)

*-cheek teeth with simple π-shaped lophodonty (lophodont teeth)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Family of horses, donkeys, zebras

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Perissodactyla, Equidae

*-only one distinct digit

*-nasal bones long and narrow projecting over nasal opening

*-cheek teeth selenolophodont

-postorbital bar present

*-upper incisors present (compare to Camelidae and Ruminantia)

Perissodactyla

~Odd-toed ungulate (Perissodactyla)

~mesaxonic foot posture (axis of symmetry passes through middle 3rd digit)

~AC present

Families:

>Tapiridae

>Rhinocerotidae

>Equidae

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of hogs and pigs

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Suina, Suidae

*-upper canines larger than lower canines and oriented upwards and outwards,

*-paraoccipital processes elongate

-cheekteeth bunodont

-canines tusk-like

-incomplete postorbital bar

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of peccaries

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Suina, Tayassuidae

*-upper canines the same size as lower canines and directed downward

*-paraoccipital process small

-cheekteeth bunodont

-canines tusk-like

-incomplete postorbital bar

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of hippos

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Whippomorpha, Hippopotamidae

*-canines and incisors large, tusklike and directed anteriorly

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Clade [contained within order], subclade [contained within order], Family of blue whale, humpback whale, gray whales

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Whippomorpha, Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae

*-very small dorsal fin

*-baleen short and broad with a mainly straight rostrum

*-throat grooves present to feed by inflating their throat and gulping their prey (gulpers)

★gray whales feed on ocean floor (grubbers)

>Laurasia

>Global Distribution (all 7 continents)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Clade [contained within order], subclade [contained within order], Family of dolphins

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Whippomorpha, Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinidae

*-no boss on premaxilla

*-simple conical cheek teeth

*-dorsal fin usually present: falcate or pointed

>Laurasia

>Global Distribution (all 7 continents)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Clade [contained within order], subclade [contained within order], Family of porpoises

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Whippomorpha, Cetacea, Odontoceti, Phocoenidae

[pay attention to spelling as it is close to the spelling of Phocidae, true seals]

*-premaxilla with boss or swelling anterior to nasal opening

*-teeth usually spade-like

*-dorsal fin usually present: triangular

>Laurasia

>North America, South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and Antarctica

-No Australia

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Clade [contained within order], subclade [contained within order], Family of sperm whales

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Whippomorpha, Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteridae

-no boss on premaxilla

-strongly asymmetrical skull

-snout very large, broad, blunt

-teeth simple and conical but no upper cheek teeth present

-dorsal fin present; sickle-shaped (Kogia) or reduced (Physeter)

-symphysis of lower jaw long

>Laurasia

>Global Distribution (all 7 continents)

What foot posture does Suborder Tylopoda have?

Digitgrade

-foot posture digitigrade (all other living artiodactyls are unguligrade!)

-reduction or loss of upper incisors, molars selenodont

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of camels, llamas, alpacas

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Tylopoda, Camelidae

*-foot posture digitgrade

*-post orbital bar present

*-upper canines present (compared to most Ruminantia)

>Laurasia

>Global Distribution

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of pronghorns

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Ruminantia, Antilocapridae

*-pronghorns {boney core covered by a keratinized sheath that can be forked, shed annually}

{both sexes have horns but they look different in each gender

{originates from frontal bones

*-lacrimal depression absent

*-nasal and lacrimal bones separated by large opening (nasolacrimal gap)

*-two lacrimal foramina/canals on the side of the orbit

>Laurasia

>North America

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of deer, elk, moose

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Ruminantia, Cervidae

*-antlers present on pedicels (boney core sheathed in velvet while growing that is usually complexly branched, shed usually annually [velvet & antlers shed separately])

{originate from frontal bones

*-lacrimal depression present

*-nasolacrimal gap present

*-two lacrimal foramina/canals at the front edge of or outside the orbit

>Laurasia

>Global Distribution

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of giraffes

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Ruminantia, Giraffidae

*-ossicones (composed of dermally derived bones located over the frontal and parietal sutures)

{originates from parietal bones

*-no lacrimal depression

*-nasolacrimal gap present

*-one lacrimal foramen inside orbit

>Laurasia

>Africa

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Subclade, Order, Suborder, Family of cattle, goats, sheep, antelope

>Characteristics?

>Originally Evolved?

>Located Now?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Euungulata, Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla, Ruminantia, Bovidae

*-true horn (projecting from frontal bones, permanent and unbranched covered in a hardened keratin sheath)

*-lacrimal depression present or absent

*-nasolacrimal gap present or absent

*-single (rarely two) lacrimal foramen/canals present usually on inside orbital rim

>Laurasia

>Global Distribution