AP Lang Vocabulary: Rhetoric Situation

style

specific elements that make up a piece of writing.

diction

vocabulary + word choice (must be with an adjective).

syntax

word order, sentence structure + sentence arrangement.

figurative language

imagery + figures of speech.

connotation

using a word’s applied meaning (word choice).

denotation

direct meaning of a word.

repetition

use of same words or phrases multiple times.

vocabulary

specific word choice.

jargon

“field specific” vocabulary.

vernacular

language of a specific place or culture.

colloquialisms

conversational language that reflects the way people actually speak.

archaic language

using language that is old fashioned.

periodic sentence

builds up to main idea at end of sentence (build suspense or emphasize a point).

cumulative sentence

starts with a main clause at beginning and more is added, best for description.

hortative structure

call to action, urges, implores.

interpretative sentence

command (usually without a subject/object).

anaphora

repetition of words/phrases at beginning of successive phrases.

parallelism

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases and clauses.

antithesis

opposition or contrast of ideas/words in a parallel construction sentence.

antimetabole/chiasmus

repetition of words in reverse order.

asyndeton

the omission of conjunctions between phrases (speeds up).

syntedon

the repetition of conjunctions between words.

inversion

inverted word order in a sentence (variation on subject - word order).

juxtaposition

the placement of two disparate things closely together in a text to emphasize their differences, to help make a point.

assonance

repeating vowel sounds

epithet

a disparaging or abusive word or phrase.

euphemism

the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend.

consonance

repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds in neighboring words.

allusion

reference to another source (should be hinted not directly referenced).

hyperbole

deliberate exaggeration.

oxymoron

two contradictory words next to each other.

metonym

using the name of one thing to represent another thing related to it.

synecdoche

using one part to represent a whole.

paradox

a statement that seems contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet perhaps is true.

rhetorical questions

posing a question for effect rather than to get an answer.

zeugma

using two different meanings of the same word within a sentence (using a word figuratively and literally in a sentence).

tone

the speaker/writer’s attitude toward the subject of the text. expressed as an emotion or characteristic.

mood

the emotion (or attitude) evoked by the writer in the reader.

what is SPACE?

speaker, purpose, audience, context, exigence = rhetoric