Bio 102 Test 2: CH.20 PRACTICE QUIZ

Mitochondria originated as; 

 

 A. aerobic Bacteria in mutualistic relationship with anaerobic prokaryotes 

 B. photosynthetic eukaryotes in mutualistic relationship with aerobic Archaean cells 

 C. outward folds of the nuclear membrane 

 D. internal folds of the plasma membrane 

 A. aerobic Bacteria in mutualistic relationship with anaerobic prokaryotes 

The time when atmospheric oxygen became abundant and eukaryotes appeared 

 A. A 

 B. B 

 C. C 

 D. D 

 E. E 

B.B

Which of the following would make the most suitable outgroup species for a cladogram relative to all the other species?

A. frog

B. tuna

C. snake

D. penguin

E. bat

A. frog

A clade can be defined as;

A. a group of organisms which all look alike

B. a group of organisms which all share a common ancestor

C. a population of organisms which all live in the same environment

D. a population of organisms which can interbreed with each other, and not with other such populations

B. a group of organisms which all share a common ancestor

How would one apply the principle of parsimony to the construction of a phylogenetic tree?

A. Choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as few shared derived characters as possible.

B. Choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible.

C. Base phylogenetic trees only on the fossil record, as this provides the simplest explanation for evolution.

D. Choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequence comparisons or morphological characters.

E. Choose the tree with the fewest branch points and thus the fewest taxa.

D. Choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequence comparisons or morphological characters.

Molecular clocks indicate that most modern mammalian orders originated about 100 million years ago, whereas fossil evidence dates the origin of these orders at about 60 million years ago. How does our knowledge of the fossil record account for this discrepancy?

A. Molecular clocks are not reliable.

B. The radiometric method of dating fossils has a huge margin of error, so these time estimates may be actually quite close.

C. Mammals did not become abundant and widespread enough to appear in the fossil record until after the extinction of the dinosaurs.

D. The genes that were used in the molecular clock comparison did not have a consistent rate of evolution, but must have evolved more rapidly during the early adaptive radiation of mammals.

C. Mammals did not become abundant and widespread enough to appear in the fossil record until after the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Which kingdom has been replaced with two domains?

A. Plantae

B. Fungi

C. Animalia

D. Protista

E. Monera

E. Monera

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for humans?

A. Homo sapiens

B. homo sapiens

C. Homo sapiens

D. homo sapiens

C. Homo sapiens

The origin of multicellular plants

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

E. E

E. E

The animals and plants of India are almost completely different from the species in nearby Southeast Asia. Why might this be true?

A. They have become separated by convergent evolution.

B. The climates of the two regions are completely different.

C. India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia.

D. Life in India was wiped out by ancient volcanic eruptions.

E. India was a separate continent until relatively recently.

E. India was a separate continent until relatively recently.