Chapter 14: Qal Perfect - Weak Verbs and Vocabulary

Vocabulary and grammar flashcards covering Chapter 14 Qal Perfect weak verb rules, paradigms, and vocabulary list.

I-Guttural Verbs

Because gutturals reject Vocal Shewa, Vocal Shewas present in the strong verb paradigm change to the reduced a-vowel, Hateph Pathach.

II-Guttural Verbs

Vocal Shewas present in the strong verb paradigm change to Hateph Pathach because gutturals cannot take a Vocal Shewa.

III-ח/ע Weak Verbs

The only paradigm change occurs in the 2fs form (שָׁמַעַתְּ), where the Silent Shewa under the guttural changes to Pathach.

III-א Weak Verbs

The א is quiescent (silent) in almost every inflected form, causing stem vowel changes to Qamets (except 3fs and 3cp) and the loss of Daghesh Lene in sufformatives beginning with ת.

III-ה Weak Verbs

Characterized by the loss of the final root consonant ה in every form, a ת in the 3fs form (בָּנְתָה), and a diagnostic Hireq Yod stem vowel in all 1st and 2nd person forms (e.g., בָּנִיתָ).

Diagnostic Stem Vowel of III-ה Verbs

Hireq Yod (י ִ), present in all 1st and 2nd person forms (singular and plural) of III-ה Qal Perfect verbs (e.g., בָּנִיתָ). It recalls the original third root consonant (originally III-י) and causes sufformative ת to lose its Daghesh Lene.

Doubly Weak Verbs

Their inflection combines the spelling variations of both weak classes.

Geminate Verbs

Characterized by the first geminate consonant assimilating into the second with a Daghesh Forte in all 1st and 2nd person forms, and the insertion of a Holem Waw (וֹ) connecting vowel.

Connecting Vowel of Qal Perfect Geminate Verbs

Holem Waw (וֹ), inserted between the verbal root and the sufformative in all 1st and 2nd person forms (singular and plural) of Geminate verbs (e.g., סַבּוֹתָ).

Biconsonantal Verbs

They are listed in the lexicon under their Infinitive Construct forms (קוּם, שִׂים, בּוֹא).

Strong Biconsonantal Qal Perfect Vowel Pattern

All third person forms have Qamets under the first root consonant (e.g., קָם, קָמָה, קָמוּ), while all first and second person forms have Pathach (e.g., קַמְתָּ, קַמְתִּי).

Loss of Daghesh Lene Rule in Weak Perfect Sufformatives

The initial ת of Perfect sufformatives loses its Daghesh Lene when preceded by a vowel sound, such as after the quiescent א in III-א verbs, the Hireq Yod stem vowel in III-ה verbs, or the Holem Waw connecting vowel in Geminate verbs.

Qal Perfect 3ms Vowel Pattern for III-א and III-ה Verbs

Both III-א and III-ה weak verbs exhibit the same 3ms Qal Perfect vowel pattern: Qamets under both root consonants, represented by בָּנָה / מָצָא.

בָּנָה (ba-nah)

Glosses: (Q) to build (up), rebuild, build (establish) a family; (Ni) be built, have a child (by or from). Frequency: 377 occurrences. Memory device: Think of 'building' like adding layers (as in 'bana' means to build).

יָלַד (ya-lad)

Glosses: (Q) to bear (children), give birth, bring forth, beget; (Ni) be born; (Pi) help at birth, serve as midwife; (Pu) be born; (Hi) become the father of, beget. Frequency: 499 occurrences. Memory device: 'Yalad' sounds like 'yell at' a baby being born.

יָרֵא (ya-re)

Glosses: (Q) to fear, be afraid, be in awe of, reverence; (Ni) be feared, held in honor. Frequency: 317 occurrences. Memory device: 'Yarei' relates to 'wary' as in being cautious.

יָרַד (ya-rad)

Glosses: (Q) to go down, descend; (Hi) bring down, lead down. Frequency: 382 occurrences. Memory device: 'Yarad' sounds like 'yard down,' think of measuring down.

לָקַח (la-qach)

Glosses: (Q) to take, grasp, capture, seize; (Hi) be captured, taken away. Frequency: 967 occurrences. Memory device: 'La-qach' reminds of 'latch on'.

מוּת (mut)

Glosses: (Q) to die; (Hi) kill, put to death; (Hoph) be killed. Frequency: 854 occurrences. Memory device: 'Mut' sounds like 'mute,' implying silence (death).

נָפַל (na-phal)

Glosses: (Q) to fall, fall upon; (Hi) cause to fall, bring to ruin. Frequency: 435 occurrences. Memory device: 'Nafal' is like 'nap-fall,' falling into a nap.

נָשָׂא (na-sa)

Glosses: (Q) to lift, carry, raise, bear (load or burden), take (away). Frequency: 659 occurrences. Memory device: 'Nasa' like to 'nasa' a spaceship, carrying it to space.

עָבַר (a-bar)

Glosses: (Q) to pass over, pass through, pass by, cross. Frequency: 553 occurrences. Memory device: 'A-bar' sounds like 'a barrier,' crossing over it.

עָלָה (a-lah)

Glosses: (Q) to go up, ascend. Frequency: 894 occurrences. Memory device: 'A-lah' can be remembered as 'ah la' an invitation to go up.

עָמַד (a-mad)

Glosses: (Q) to stand (up), take one's stand, stand still. Frequency: 524 occurrences. Memory device: 'Amad' like ' I am standing'.

קוּם (qum)

Glosses: (Q) to rise, arise, get up, stand (up). Frequency: 627 occurrences. Memory device: 'Qum' rhymes with 'zoom,' think of rising quickly.

קָרָא (qa-ra)

Glosses: (Q) to call, summon, proclaim, announce, read aloud, give a name to. Frequency: 739 occurrences. Memory device: 'Qara' like 'car call' for attention.

שִׂים (sim)

Glosses: (Q) to set (up), put, place, set in place, establish. Frequency: 588 occurrences. Memory device: 'Sim' resembles 'simply put something down'.

שׁוּב (shuv)

Glosses: (Q) to turn back, turn, return, go back. Frequency: 1,075 occurrences. Memory device: 'Shuv' sounds like 'shove back,' implying turning back.

פֹּה (poh)

Glosses: here, at this place. Frequency: 82 occurrences. Memory device: 'Poh' sounds similar to 'poh where', indicating location.

רַק (raq)

Glosses: only, still, but, however. Frequency: 363 occurrences. Memory device: 'Raq' sounds like 'rack,' which can mean singularly 'one'.

בּוֹא (bo)

Glosses: (Q) to go in, enter, come to, come upon; (Hi) bring (in), come (in); (Hoph) be brought. Frequency: 2,592 occurrences. Memory device: Remember 'בא' as in 'come in' (similar to 'into').