Skeletal System

Ossification

process of forming new bone

Osteoblast

cells that build new bone

Osteoclast

cells that break down old bone

Periosteum

tough outer covering of a bone

Endosteum

tissue lining the inside of a bone

Compact bone

hard, strong outer layer of the bone

Spongy bone

lightweight, porous bone inside bones

Medullary cavity

hollow space inside a long bone containing marrow

Red bone marrow

produces blood cells

Yellow bone marrow

stores fat

Hematopoietic

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Cartilage

smooth flexible tissue that cushions bones

Articular cartilage

covers ends of bones to reduce friction

Diaphysis

shaft (middle) of a long bone

Epiphysis

end of a long bone

Foramen

opening in a bone for nerves or blood vessels

Process

bony projection or bump

Joint (articulation)

place where 2 bones meet

Fibrous joint

joint with little or no movement

Cartilaginous joints

joint connected by cartilage; allows slight movement

Synovial joint

freely movable joint

Ball-and-socket-joint

allows movement in many directions, like the hip

Hinge joint

moves mainly back and forth, like the elbow

Ligament

connects bone to bone

Tendon

connects muscle to bone

Synovial membrane

inner joint lining that produces synovial fluid

Synovial fluid

lubricators joints for smooth movement

Bursa

small fluid filled sac that reduces friction

Meniscus

curved cartilage that cushions a joint

How many bones are in an adult skeleton?

206

Axial skeleton

protects major organs of the nervous respiratory and circulatory system

How many bones in axil skeleton?

80 bones of the head spine and truck

Appendicular skeleton

makes body movement possible. protects organs of digestion excretion and reproduction.

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

126 bones of limbs and their attachments

Cranium

made up of 8 bones. protects the brain

Frontal bone

forehead bone

Parietal bones

top and upper sides of the skull

Occipital bone

back and base of skull

Temporal bones

sides of skull near ears

Sphenoid bones

bones at base of skull

Ethmoid bone

bond between the eyes and near the nose

Orbit

eye sock

Nasal bones

upper part of bridge of nose

Zygomatic bones

cheekbones

Maxillae

upper jawbones

Mandible

lower jawbones

Sutures

immovable joints between skull bones

Fontanelles

soft spots on a baby’s skull

Sternum

breastbone

Manubrium

upper part of the sternum

Thoracic cavity

chest area containing the heart and lungs

Ribs

12 pairs of bones protecting the chest

True ribs

first 7 pairs; attach directly to the sternum through cartilage

False ribs

pairs 8-10; attach indirectly to the sternum

Floating ribs

last 2 pairs; do not attach in front

Gladiolus

middle part of the sternum

Xiphoid process

small bottom tip of the sternum

Pectoral girdle

shoulder bones that support the arms

Clavicle

collarbone

Scapula

shoulder blade

Acromion

bony top of the shoulder

Humerus

upper arm bone

Radius

foramen bone on the thumb side

Ulna

foremen bone on the pink side

Olecranon

bony point or the elbow (funny bone)

Carpals

8 wrist bones

Metacarpals

5 palm bones

Phalanges

finger and toe bones

Vertebral column

spine or backbone

Intervertebral disk

cushions between the spinal bones

Nucleus pulposus

soft jelly like center of a spinal disk

Lamina

back part of a vertebra

vertebral foramen

opening where the spinal cord passes

Sacrum

triangle bone at the bottom of the spine

Coccyx

tailbone

Pelvis

hip area that supports lower body

Llium

wide upper part of the hip bone

Ischium

lower part of the hip bone you sit on

Pubis

front part of the hip bone

Pubic symphysis

joint connecting the left and right pubic bones

Sacroiliac joint

where the sacrum meets the ilium

Acetabulum

hip socket where the thigh bone fits

Femurs

thigh bone; longest bone in the body

Femoral neck

narrow part just below the femurs head

Patella

kneecap

Popliteal

behind the knee

Tibia

shine one; large lower leg bone

Fibula

smaller lower leg bone

Tarsals

7 ankle/ upper foot bones

Metatarsals

5 long bones in the foot

Talus

ankle bone that connects with the tibia and fibula

Calcaneus

heel bone

Malleolus

bony bump on either side of the ankle