HRE4M1 Unit 2 Complete Study Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards in Question and Answer format covering all topics for the HRE4M1 Unit 2 exam, including Scripture, Tradition, Magisterium, biblical genres, call narratives, Mary in the Gospels, New Evangelization, and Catholic ethics on euthanasia.

What are the four sections of the HRE4M1 Unit 2 test and their respective mark allocations?

Knowledge (True or false, 15 marks), Thinking (Multiple choice, 25 marks), Communication (Answer 3 of 5 short answer questions, 15 marks), and Application (Answer 1 of 2 long answer questions, 10 marks), for a total of 65 marks.

How do Catholics discover religious truth according to the course review?

Catholics discover religious truth by using Scripture, Sacred Tradition, and the Magisterium together, supported by faith and reason.

What is the Magisterium, and by whom is it exercised?

The Church's authoritative teaching office, exercised by the Pope and the bishops in communion with him, which interprets and safeguards the Word of God.

What are the three degrees of the sacrament of Holy Orders, and how is the position of cardinal classified?

The three degrees are bishop, priest, and deacon. Cardinal is an appointment, not a separate degree of ordination.

What is the role of an archbishop in the Church hierarchy?

A bishop responsible for an archdiocese; some also have responsibilities within a church province.

What is the role of the laity in the Church hierarchy?

Christians who are not ordained; they live and share their faith in everyday life.

What is papal infallibility, and what are its limits?

Infallibility means protection from error in definitive teaching on faith and morals under specified conditions. It does not mean that a Pope is sinless or that every interview, opinion, or statement is infallible.

According to the Catholic Planet article, what are the three levels of Magisterium and their corresponding theologies?

Sacred Magisterium corresponds to dogmatic theology; Ordinary Magisterium corresponds to ordinary theology; General Magisterium corresponds to speculative theology.

What is the 'General Magisterium' as defined in the Catholic Planet reading?

The author's term for the faithful seeking further understanding; opinions can be mistaken and are not official teaching.

What does Dei Verbum translate to, and what kind of document is it?

It translates to 'Word of God' and is Vatican II's Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation.

What is apostolic succession?

The handing on of the apostles' mission and teaching authority to bishops as their successors.

How many books are in the Catholic Bible, and how are they divided?

The Catholic Bible contains 73 books altogether: 46 in the Old Testament and 27 in the New Testament.

What are the Septuagint and the Vulgate?

The Septuagint is an ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament; the Vulgate is the Latin translation associated with Saint Jerome.

What was Saint Augustine's formula regarding the unity of the Old and New Testaments?

The New Testament is hidden in the Old, and the Old is made clear in the New.

What does divine inspiration mean regarding biblical authors?

God is the primary author who worked through genuine human authors using their own minds, abilities, languages, and cultures to faithfully communicate saving truth.

What is the difference between a literalist and a contextualist reading of Scripture?

A literalist reads words as if their ordinary present-day meaning directly gives the full meaning, often overlooking genre and context. A contextualist considers historical and social setting, language, genre, and intended meaning.

What is the difference between a disciple and an apostle?

A disciple is a learner or follower of Jesus; an apostle is someone sent or commissioned, especially the Twelve chosen by Jesus.

What do the historical dating abbreviations BC, BCE, AD, and CE stand for?

BC stands for Before Christ; BCE stands for Before the Common Era; AD stands for Anno Domini ('in the year of the Lord'); CE stands for Common Era.

What are the nine literary forms identified in the Scripture unit?

Historical account or narrative, law, prophecy, wisdom, poetry, letter or epistle, gospel, parable, and apocalypse.

What are the six types of truth found in the Bible?

Scientific, historical, moral, proverbial, symbolic, and religious truth.

Which of the six types of biblical truth is the central concern of the Bible in this course?

Religious truth, which communicates God's action and humanity's relationship with God.

How should Matthew 5:29 ('if your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out') be interpreted according to biblical truth types?

It communicates symbolic truth through figurative language as a forceful warning about the seriousness of sin, not as a literal command to inflict physical self-injury.

What does the historical-critical method study when examining Scripture?

It investigates the Bible's human and historical setting, studying authorship, original audience, political context, language, and literary genre.

What caution did Pope Benedict XVI and Bishop Barron express regarding the historical-critical method when used alone?

Used alone, it can confine Scripture to the past as a 'museum piece,' overlook its divine authorship, and miss the overall unity and spiritual meaning of the text.

What are the four senses of Scripture explained in the reading unit?

Literal (author's intended meaning in context), typological or allegorical (connections with Christ and God's saving plan), moral (how people should live), and anagogical (eternal life and final fulfilment).

What is the central distinction between exegesis and hermeneutics?

Exegesis examines what a passage meant in its original context to its first audience; hermeneutics builds on exegesis to explain what that message means for people today.

What is the historical setting and estimated date of the Gospel of Matthew in the course slides?

It is dated around 80–90 CE, following the Roman destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 CE, amid growing division between Jewish communities and followers of Jesus.

Name three parallels Matthew presents between Moses and Jesus.

1. Infant life threatened by Pharaoh / infant life threatened by Herod; 2. Associated with Mount Sinai / delivers the Sermon on the Mount; 3. Associated with the Ten Commandments and the five books of the Torah / teaches the Beatitudes and organizes teaching into five discourses.

What is the meaning of 'Kingdom of God' or 'Kingdom of Heaven' in Matthew?

God's presence and reign at work in history rather than a physical geographic location, inaugurated by Jesus, visible through healing and love, and continued through the Church.

What are the six stages of a biblical call story in order?

1. Confrontation with God; 2. Introductory speech; 3. Imparting a mission; 4. Objection; 5. Reassurance; 6. The sign.

In Exodus 3–4, what was Moses' objection to God's call, and what was God's reassurance?

Moses objected that he was inadequate and not an eloquent speaker; God reassured him by promising divine assistance, providing signs, and appointing his brother Aaron to help him speak.

In the video 'From Pro Soccer to the Priesthood,' what prompted Fr. Chase Hilgenbrinck to reconsider his life's direction?

Moving to Chile for professional soccer brought isolation, culture shock, and solitude, prompting him into silent prayer before the Blessed Sacrament where he recognized a call to the priesthood.

How do Fr. Josh Johnson and Fr. Mike Schmitz characterize the priesthood in the video 'I Will Follow'?

As spiritual fatherhood—caring for, guiding, nourishing, and spiritually supporting people—rather than merely a professional career.

What are the three Old Testament offices fulfilled by Jesus that all Christians share through Baptism?

Prophet, Priest, and King.

How do baptized Christians exercise the prophetic role in everyday life?

By speaking the truth, sharing their faith, and defending people who are treated unfairly or facing injustice.

How do baptized Christians exercise the kingly role in everyday life?

By practicing stewardship, charity, just leadership, and active care for the vulnerable.

How does the Gospel of Mark connect with Isaiah regarding the messenger before the Messiah?

Isaiah 40:3–5 describes a voice in the wilderness preparing the way of the Lord, which Mark 1:1–3 applies directly to John the Baptist preparing for Jesus.

Which passage in Isaiah connects most directly with Jesus' Passion narrative in Mark 15:16–41?

The Suffering Servant passage in Isaiah 52:13–53:12, depicting rejection, humiliation, suffering, and bearing the sins of others.

How does Mary's portrayal in the Gospel of Luke compare to her portrayal in Mark?

In Luke, Mary is an active and central figure (the Annunciation, Visitation, Magnificat, and Bethlehem birth); in Mark, she makes only brief appearances, and Jesus emphasizes spiritual kinship over biological ties.

What is the distinction between the Virgin Birth and the Immaculate Conception?

The Virgin Birth refers to Jesus being conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary; the Immaculate Conception refers to Mary being preserved from original sin from the first moment of her own conception.

On which calendar dates do Catholics celebrate the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption of Mary?

December 8 celebrates the Immaculate Conception; August 15 celebrates the Assumption.

What does the Greek title Theotokos mean, and what doctrine does it affirm?

It means 'God-bearer' and affirms that Mary is the Mother of Jesus, who is truly God and truly human (Mother of God).

Why does Bishop Barron describe Mary as the 'new Ark of the Covenant' based on Revelation 11–12?

The Old Testament Ark carried the stone covenant tablets and signified God's dwelling; Mary is the new Ark because she carried Jesus, the living presence of God, within her womb.

What parallel does Bishop Barron draw between 2 Samuel and Luke 1 regarding the Ark of the Covenant?

David danced before the Ark when it entered Jerusalem, paralleling John the Baptist leaping in Elizabeth's womb when Mary, carrying Jesus, arrived.

What are the three core elements of the New Evangelization?

New ardour (renewed enthusiasm and commitment), new methods (contemporary ways of reaching people), and new expression (language and presentation adapted for today).

What is the difference between voluntary active euthanasia and physician assisted suicide?

In voluntary active euthanasia, a physician or other practitioner directly administers the lethal substance; in physician assisted suicide, the physician supplies the lethal means and the patient performs the final act.

What is Catholic apologist Trent Horn's main argument regarding euthanasia?

Every human life has intrinsic value and deserves protection; compassion means accompanying and caring for a person through suffering, not deciding that suffering makes life disposable.

What is the Catholic concept of 'redemptive suffering'?

Uniting unavoidable suffering to Christ's Passion and offering it in faith and love, finding spiritual meaning while still providing appropriate medical care and comfort.

Who was Blessed Chiara Badano, and how does she exemplify redemptive suffering?

A young Italian member of the Focolare movement who died of bone cancer at age 18; she united her painful illness to the Passion of Christ in love and joy, showing that illness does not erase human dignity or the ability to love.

What does the 1980 Declaration on Euthanasia from the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith teach?

It teaches that no one may authorize or carry out the direct killing of an innocent person, even if incurably ill or requesting it, because life is a sacred gift from God with inherent dignity.

What are the four sections of the HRE4M1 Unit 2 test and their respective mark allocations?

Knowledge (True or False, 15 marks), Thinking (Multiple Choice, 25 marks), Communication (Answer 3 of 5 short answer questions, 15 marks), and Application (Answer 1 of 2 long answer questions, 10 marks), totaling 65 marks.

How do Catholics understand the way religious truth is discovered?

Catholics discover religious truth through Scripture, Sacred Tradition, and the Magisterium working together, supported by faith and reason.

What is the definition of Sacred Tradition according to the review notes?

The living transmission of the apostolic faith through preaching, worship, practices, and ways of living, as well as written expressions like creeds and council documents.

What is the Magisterium and who exercises it?

The Church's authoritative teaching office, exercised by the Pope and the bishops in communion with him, which interprets and safeguards the Word of God.

What are the three degrees of the sacrament of Holy Orders?

Bishop, priest, and deacon. (Cardinal is an appointment, not a distinct degree of ordination).

What are the defined roles of a Pope and a Cardinal in the Church hierarchy?

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and pastor of the universal Church. A Cardinal is a senior churchman who advises the Pope, and eligible cardinals elect a Pope.

What is the difference between a transitional deacon and a permanent deacon?

A transitional deacon is preparing for ordination to the priesthood, whereas a permanent deacon remains a deacon for life and may be married before ordination.

What is the theological meaning of infallibility in Catholic teaching?

Protection from error in definitive teaching on matters of faith and morals under specified conditions; it does not mean the Pope is sinless or that every personal opinion or interview is infallible.

According to the Catholic Planet article, how are Sacred Magisterium, Ordinary Magisterium, and General Magisterium distinguished?

Sacred Magisterium is definitive, infallible teaching requiring the assent of faith (Dogmatic theology); Ordinary Magisterium is authoritative but nondefinitive teaching requiring religious submission of intellect and will (Ordinary theology); General Magisterium refers to the faithful seeking understanding whose opinions can be mistaken and are not official teaching (Speculative theology).

What does Dei Verbum mean, and what is its doctrinal status?

Dei Verbum means 'Word of God' and is Vatican II's Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation.

How many total books are in the Catholic Bible, and how are they divided?

73 books in total: 46 in the Old Testament and 27 in the New Testament.

What are the Septuagint and the Vulgate?

The Septuagint is an ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament; the Vulgate is the Latin translation of the Bible associated with Saint Jerome.

According to the assigned article by Father Kenneth Baker, who are the eyewitness Gospel writers?

Matthew and John are identified as eyewitness writers, while Mark and Luke are identified as companions of eyewitnesses.

What famous statement did Saint Augustine make regarding the relationship between the Old and New Testaments?

The New Testament is hidden in the Old, and the Old is made clear in the New.

What is the difference between a literalist and a contextualist reading of Scripture?

A literalist reads words as if their ordinary present-day meaning gives the full meaning (often ignoring genre and context), whereas a contextualist considers historical and social setting, language, genre, and intended meaning.

What do the linguistic origins of the titles 'Christ' and 'Messiah' mean?

'Christ' is a Greek-derived title meaning 'Anointed One,' and 'Messiah' is a Hebrew-derived title meaning 'Anointed One, the expected Saviour.'

What do the historical dating abbreviations BC, BCE, AD, and CE stand for?

BC stands for 'Before Christ'; BCE stands for 'Before the Common Era'; AD stands for 'Anno Domini' ('in the year of the Lord'); CE stands for 'Common Era'.

What is the distinction between a disciple and an apostle?

A disciple is a learner or follower of Jesus, whereas an apostle is someone sent or commissioned, specifically referring to the Twelve chosen by Jesus.

What are the six types of truth found in Sacred Scripture?

Scientific, Historical, Moral, Proverbial, Symbolic, and Religious truth.

What are the four senses of Scripture according to Church tradition?

Literal (the author's intended meaning in context), Typological or allegorical (connections with Christ and God's saving plan), Moral (how people should live), and Anagogical (eternal life and final fulfilment).

What is the historical-critical method, and what caution does Bishop Barron raise regarding it?

It investigates the human and historical setting of Scripture (authorship, audience, language, genre). Barron warns that used alone, it risks treating Scripture as a museum piece confined to the past while ignoring divine authorship and spiritual unity.

What is the difference between exegesis and hermeneutics?

Exegesis investigates what a text originally meant to its first audience in its historical and literary context, while hermeneutics explores what that message means for people today.

What historical context and date range are associated with the Gospel of Matthew in the course notes?

Matthew was written around 80–90 CE, following the Roman destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 CE, addressing Jewish-Christian tensions and the need for stable Church structure.

Name three specific parallels between Moses and Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew.

1. Infant life threatened by a ruler (Pharaoh vs. Herod); 2. Associated with a mountain (Mount Sinai vs. Sermon on the Mount); 3. Torah vs. discourses (five books of Moses vs. five major discourses in Matthew).

What are the six stages of a biblical call story in order?

1. Confrontation with God; 2. Introductory speech; 3. Imparting a mission; 4. Objection; 5. Reassurance; 6. The sign.

What objections did Moses and Jeremiah raise during their call stories?

Moses objected that he was inadequate and not an eloquent speaker (Exodus 3–4); Jeremiah objected that he was too young and did not know how to speak (Jeremiah 1).

How do Christians share in the three offices of Prophet, Priest, and King?

Through Baptism, Christians participate by: speaking truth and confronting injustice (Prophet); offering prayer, worship, and daily sacrifices (Priest); and practicing humble service, stewardship, and caring for the vulnerable (King).

How does the Gospel of Mark link the Suffering Servant of Isaiah to Jesus?

Isaiah 52:13–53:12 describes a servant who is rejected, humiliated, wounded, and bears the sins of others, which Mark 15:16–41 connects directly to Jesus' Passion, mocking, and crucifixion.

How does Mary's portrayal differ between the Gospels of Luke and John?

In Luke, Mary is an active, central figure (Annunciation, Visitation, Magnificat, Bethlehem birth); in John, she appears at pivotal moments without her personal name—the Wedding at Cana and at the foot of the Cross.

What is the theological distinction between the Virgin Birth and the Immaculate Conception?

The Virgin Birth refers to Jesus being conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of Mary without a human father; the Immaculate Conception refers to Mary being preserved free from original sin from the first moment of her own conception.

On what calendar dates do Catholics celebrate the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption of Mary?

The Immaculate Conception is celebrated on December 8, and the Assumption is celebrated on August 15.

Why does Bishop Barron refer to Mary as the 'New Ark of the Covenant' in Revelation?

In Revelation 11:19–12:1, the Ark appears in heaven immediately followed by the crowned woman; just as the Old Ark carried the Ten Commandments (God's Word in stone), Mary carried Jesus (the Word made flesh).

What three elements characterize the New Evangelization?

New ardour (renewed enthusiasm and commitment), new methods (utilizing contemporary communication and media), and new expression (language and presentation adapted for today's culture).

What is the defining procedural difference between voluntary active euthanasia and physician assisted suicide?

The person performing the final lethal act: in voluntary active euthanasia, a clinician directly administers the lethal substance; in physician assisted suicide, the patient personally ingests or administers the lethal means provided by the physician.

What is Trent Horn's primary argument regarding euthanasia?

Every human life possesses intrinsic dignity and value; authentic compassion means suffering with and caring for a person, not deciding that suffering renders their life expendable.

What is the Catholic definition of 'redemptive suffering'?

Joining unavoidable suffering to the Passion of Jesus Christ and offering it in faith, prayer, and love, believing that suffering can participate in Christ's saving work.

Who was Blessed Chiara Badano, and how does her life illustrate redemptive suffering?

A young Italian member of the Focolare movement who died at age 18 from osteogenic sarcoma; she united her painful illness with Christ's Passion, demonstrating that severe illness does not destroy human dignity or the capacity to love.