Virology 14: Clinical Aspects of Feline Retroviral Disease

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12 Terms

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FeLV A

Only transmissible form of FeLV

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  1. Exposure through oronasal secretions

    1. Biting, milk, transfusions

  2. Propagates in local lymphoid tissue

  3. Transient fever, lethargy, lymphadenopathy

  4. Infected lymphocytes escape to bone marrow (week 3)


Pathogenesis of FeLV

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Abortive, focal/atypical, regressive, progressive

Four forms of disease

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Kittens

Which age demographic is most at risk of contracting FeLV?

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Outdoor, male, aggressive, intact, FIV co-infection

Risk factors of FeLV

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Neoplasia (lymphoma, leukemia, fibrosarcoma (FeSV))

Opportunistic infections

Bone marrow diseases

  • Pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplasia, myelofibrosis

Immune-mediated diseases

  • IMHA, ITP, immune-complex glomerulonephritis, polyarthritis, uveitis

Neurologic disease

Other uncommon manifestations

  • Reproductive failure, GI disease, osteochondromatosis, cutaneous horns


FeLV clinical manifestations

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  1. Screening prior to entry to FeLV(-) community or blood donor program

  2. Suggestive clinical manifestations are present


Two situations to test for FeLV

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Progressive, regressive

Cats with ___ FeLV infections may live several years.

  • Most develop clinical manifestations within five years.

Cats with ___ FeLV infections may not ever reactivate.

  • Avoid immunosuppression

  • Maintain routine health visits to detect co-morbidities early


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Saliva; usually through biting

How is FIV transmitted?

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  1. Acute

    1. Non-specific febrile illness

    2. Often unrecognized, asymptomatic

  2. Subclinical

    1. Years to life

    2. Not technically latent– low viremia

  3. Terminal

    1. Most commonly recognized clinical manifestations


Three phases of FIV

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Male, outdoor, feral, mixed breeds, sick, FeLV+

Mean age at diagnosis: 6-8 years

Most cats are more than 2 years old

Risk factors of FIV

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  1. Many cats never progress to terminal phase, even if CD4+ counts are low

  2. Immunosuppression → opportunistic infections

    1. Dental disease and stomatitis common

  3. Neoplasia

    1. Pathogenesis unclear (not usually due to insertional mutagenesis)

    2. Lymphoma (5x risk), leukemia, carcinomas, sarcomas

  4. Immune-mediated diseases

  5. Myelodysplasia

  6. Neurologic disease

    1. Cognitive impairment


Clinical manifestations of FIV terminal phase