Hist of Photo Exam 1

Vocab

Camera Lucida

an optical device used as a drawing aid by artists and microscopists. By looking through the prism in its standard, a user sees an optical superimposition of the subject positioned in front of the device over the surface below. This allows the artist to duplicate key points of the scene on the drawing surface, thus aiding in the accurate rendering of perspective.

camera obscura

is the natural phenomenon in which light passing through the small hole of a dark chamber or box will project an image of a scene outside the chamber (box) onto the surface opposite to the hole, resulting in an inverted (upside down) and reversed (left to right) projection of the view outside

daguerrotype

an early photograph produced on a silver or a silver-covered copper plate, also : the process of producing such photographs

calotype

is an early photographic process introduced in 1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot,^[1] using paper^[2] coated with silver iodide. Paper texture effects in calotype photography limit the ability of this early process to record low contrast details and textures.

race

A group that humans are divided into based on outward physical traits (such as skin color, facial features, or hair texture) and shared ancestry.

ideaology

It is the
interpretation in through of the social relations through which they
constantly create and re-create their collective being, in all the varied
forms their collective being may assume: family, clan, tribe, nation, class,
party, business enterprise, church, army, club, and so on. As such,
ideologies are not delusions but real, as real as the social relations for
which they stand”

the “Other”

In philosophy, the Other is a fundamental concept referring to anyone or anything perceived as distinct or different from oneself.

cyanotype

a slow-reacting, photographic printing formulation sensitive to a limited near-ultraviolet and blue light spectrum, the range of 300 nm to 400 nm, known as UVA radiation.^[1] It produces a monochrome, blue-coloured print on a range of supports, and is often used for art and reprography in the form of blueprints.

photogram

a photographic image made without a camera by placing objects directly onto the surface of a light-sensitive material such as photographic paper and then exposing it to light.

Orientalism

the imitation or depiction of aspects of the Eastern world (or "Orient") by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world.

collodion (wet plate vs dry plate)

used to be used to close woulds, was then used to create an emulsion of light sensitive silver slats. wetplte- everything had to be done while the plate was still wet (and vice versa).

albumen

a method of producing a photographic print using egg whites. It became the dominant form of photographic positives from 1855 to the start of the 20th century, with a peak in the 1860–1890 period.

stereocard

a pair of nearly identical photographic images mounted side-by-side on a small piece of cardstock. When viewed through a specialized device called a stereoscope, the two flat images merge in the brain to create a single, convincing three-dimensional (3D)

collage

a visual art technique that combines multiple photographs, images, or mixed-media fragments into a single, unified composition

gender

the socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities that societies consider appropriate for women, men, and non-binary people

landscape

it is something we do.is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal

redlining

Redlining is a discriminatory practice from the United States, in which financial services are withheld from neighborhoods that have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities.^[2] Redlining has mostly been directed against African Americans, as well as Mexican Americans in the Southwestern United States,^[3] Jewish Americans,^[4] and Italian Americans.

line

a path drawn between two points

shape/mass

Shape and mass are core formal elements in art and photography that define how flat designs or three-dimensional volumes occupy and command space.

light

the foundational medium of both visual art and photography, shaping volume, mood, texture, and narrative. [1, 2, 3]

color

a foundational element in both fine art and photography, used to shape mood, direct attention, define form, and evoke psychological responses

texture

the surface quality of an artwork or photograph—either physically tactile or visually implied—that evokes how a surface feels to the touch

pattern

refers to the deliberate repetition of a visual unit—known as a motif—such as lines, shapes, colors, or textures organized in a recognizable sequence

space

the area around, within, or between objects, as well as the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface

time

representing how artists capture, bend, stretch, freeze, or materialize the invisible flow of time

motion

bridging the gap between a single frozen instant and the passage of time

unity

all parts of a work fit together to create a sense of harmony and completeness

variety

design principle that combines contrasting visual elements—such as color, line, shape, value, and texture—to eliminate monotony and create visual interest.

balance

the equal distribution of visual weight—how heavy, dense, or eye-catching different elements (such as subjects, colors, shapes, and negative space) feel within a frame

visual weight

how strongly an element attracts and holds a viewer’s gaze. It acts as a psychological "pull", determining which parts of an image feel heavier, more prominent, or more important.

emphasis

a core design principle used in art and photography to draw the viewer’s eye toward a primary subject or focal point while managing visual hierarchy

subordination

the intentional minimization, toning down, or de-emphasizing of secondary elements in a composition so that the primary subject or focal point can stand out

scale

the relative size of an object or figure compared to another element, the overall composition, or the human body

proportion

the harmonious relationship in size, quantity, or dimension between different parts of a single element or composition

rythym

the visual tempo or flow created by repeating and varying elements—such as lines, shapes, colors, or light—to guide a viewer's eye across the frame

frame

a compositional technique (how elements are arranged within an image to guide the eye) and a physical or structural border (the physical case surrounding a finished piece)

focus/depth of field

the range of distance within a photo or artwork where objects appear acceptably sharp and in focus

point of view

the physical position or angle from which the observer or camera looks at a subject, fundamentally dictating how scale, power dynamics, and emotional resonance are communicated.

exposure

the total amount of light that reaches the camera's sensor or film when an image is captured, determining how bright or dark the photograph appears. [1, 2]