גלוגולת

skull

protects the brain and sensory organs. it is composed of 22 bones

cranial and facial

two sets of bones in the skull

8

number of cranial bones

14

number of facial bones

foramen magnum

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

the cranial bones

cranial bones

the bones that form the casing of the brain

lacrimal, nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, mandible, vomer

the facial bones

frontal bone

forehead bone; protects cranium. and is the superior border of the eye orbit

parietal bone

upper sides of cranium and roof of skull

occipital bone

bone that makes up the posterior base of the skull

occipital condyles

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra

temporal bone

bone that forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity.

sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit. it sits superiorly/posteriorly to the occipital bone where they connect

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

mastiod process

rounded projection of the inferior portion of the temporal bone just posterior to the lobe of the ear

external auditory meatus

ear canal. it is part of the temporal bone

mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

carotid foramen

opening for carotid artery. it is part of the temporal bone

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

zygomatic process

a projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma. it connects the temporal and zygomatic bones

hypopheseal fossa

is in the center of the base of the skull. part of the sphenoid bone in which the hypophysis runs through

optic canal

allows the optic nerve to pass to the eye. is part of the sphenoid bone

foramen ovale

connects the two atria in the fetal heart. is located in the septum and is part of the sphenoid bone

cribriform plate

The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.

olfactory foramina

holes in cribriform plate in which the olfactory nerves pass through

orbital plate

smooth plates which form the medial walls of the eye sockets. they are part of the ethmoid bone

perpendicular plate

forms superior part of nasal septum. it is part of the ethmoid bone

Mandible

lower jaw bone

temperomandibular joint

this joint is formed between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Maxillae

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

Zygomatic bone

cheek bone

palatine bone

either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits

lacrimal bone

small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts

nasal conchae

two bones that help to complete the nasal cavity by forming the side and lower wall

vomer bone

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

hard palate

roof of the mouth. made of the palatine and maxillae

soft palate

a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking

eye orbit

ESP FLMZ: (5) Ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic

hyoid bone

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

lamboid suture

the suture between the occipital and parietal bones

saggital suture

separates the left and right parietal bone

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

fontanelles

Areas where the infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.

anterior, posterior, mastoid, sphenoid

4 fontanelles

Sinuses

air spaces in the bones of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice

frontal sinus

cavity within the frontal bone

ethmoidal sinuses

small, multiple spaces within the ethmoid bone

sphenoidal sinuses

empty large spaces deep to nose (away from skull)

maxillary sinus

sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below the eyes