Topic 2: Glycolysis

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Last updated 9:58 PM on 3/28/23
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8 Terms

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Glycolysis
* Breaks down glucose to form 2 3-carbon molecules (pyruvate)
* ATP is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation
* Occurs in the cytoplasm
* Will occur whether or not O2 is present
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Substrate-level phosphorylation
* ATP is formed directly from ADP and a phosphate group that is transferred from a substrate molecule
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Isomerization
A reaction that causes a structural change in a molecule, resulting in a different form of the same molecule
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Kinase
An enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a molecule
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NADH
A molecule that carries high-energy electrons and is formed during glycolysis
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ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes
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Pyruvate
A 3-carbon molecule that is the end product of glycolysis and can be used in cellular respiration or fermentation
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Glycolysis Steps
Glycolysis Steps

1. phosphate transfer
2. isomerization
3. phosphate transfer
4. molecule splits into 2 isomers
5. one of the isomers is converted to the same form as the other
6. phosphate added from cytoplasm and NAD+ reduced to NADH + H+
7. phosphate transfer and ATP formed
8. isomerization
9. water molecule is removed
10. phosphate transfer, left with pyruvate