Rad 205: Exam 2 Study Guide

all of the above

Which of the following are signs/symptoms of esophageal atresia?

a. Salivation

b. Choking

c. Cyanosis

d. All of the above

ileal atresia

Which of the following is the most common type of bowel atresia?

a. Duodenal atresia

b. Jejunal atresia

c. Ileal atresia

d. Colonic atresia

congenital

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is classified as a(n) _____ condition of the GI system.

a. congenital

b. degenerative

c. inflammatory

d. neurologic

upper GI

When imaging an infant with suspected malrotation, a(n) _____ examination should be performed and is considered the gold standard.

a. transabdominal ultrasound

b. small bowel follow-through

c. upper GI

d. contrast-enhanced CT

all of the above

If left untreated, Hirschsprung disease can progress to:

a. bacterial overgrowth.

b. colonic distention.

c. electrolyte imbalances.

d. all of the above.

lactase

In the condition of carbohydrate intolerance, the small bowel lacks enough of the enzyme:

a. lactase.

b. lipase.

c. amylase.

d. lactose.

computed tomography (CT)

Currently, _____ is the most accurate imaging examination for evaluating patients who do not have a clear clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

a. abdominal radiography

b. computed tomography (CT)

c. magnetic resonance enterography (MRE)

d. colonoscopy

both a and c

A less common type of hiatal hernia is the _____ type.

a. rolling

b. sliding

c. paraesophageal

d. both a and c

both a and b

Abdominal radiography is of limited value in cases of diverticulitis unless diagnosing for suspected complications of:

a. pneumoperitoneum.

b. obstruction.

c. both a and b

d. none of the above.

first

Colorectal cancers are the _____ most common gastrointestinal cancer in the United States.

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. none of the above

Nuclear medicine with contrast

Which of the following diagnostic imaging studies provides physiologic function of the liver?

a. CT without contrast

b. Sonogram

c. Radiograph

d. Nuclear medicine with contrast

sonogram

Which diagnostic examination does the ACR recommend for a patient who presents with right upper quadrant pain that may be attributed to the biliary system?

a. CT without contrast

b. Sonogram

c. Radiograph

d. Nuclear medicine with contrast

1 and 2 only

A MRCP is used to visual which anatomic structures?

1. Gallbladder

2. Biliary system

3. Kidney

a. 1 and 2 only

b. 1 and 3 only

c. 2 and 3 only

d. 1, 2, and 3

ascites

A radiograph of the abdomen on a patient with known cirrhosis may be compromised due to what additional pathologic condition?

a. Shrunken liver tissue

b. Gallstones

c. Ascites

d. Pancreatitis

HAV

Which form of hepatitis is transmitted from the GI tract in fecal material?

a. HAV

b. HBV

c. HCV

d. HDV

hemangioma

Which liver lesion is primarily composed of blood vessels?

a. Hepatocellular adenoma

b. Hemangioma

c. Hepatocellular carcinoma

d. Hepatoma

2 and 3 only

The TIPSS procedure is designed to reduce portal hypertension by uniting which vessels?

1. Hepatic artery

2. Hepatic vein

3. Portal vein

a. 1 and 2 only

b. 1 and 3 only

c. 2 and 3 only

d. 1, 2, and 3

20%

What is the incidence of gallstones in the United States for persons over 65 years of age?

a. 5%

b. 10%

c. 15%

d. 20%

Cholecystitis

The inflammation of the gallbladder is referred to as:

a. colitis.

b. cholecystitis.

c. cholelithiasis.

d. cholecystectomy

a pseudocyst

A fluid collection that develops from the pancreas is termed:

a. ascites.

b. pancreatitis.

c. polycystic disease.

d. a pseudocyst.

1 and 2 only

The kidneys are located

1. in the retroperitoneal cavity.

2. between T-12 and L-3.

3. anterior to the spleen.

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

Which anatomic structures are located in the hilum of the kidney?

1. Renal artery

2. Renal vein

3. Nerve plexus

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2, and 3

10

In an adult, the ureters are normally approximately _____ inches long.

A. 5

B. 20

C. 15

D. 10

serum creatinine

Which of the following is a waste product derived from a breakdown of a compound normally found in muscle tissue?

A. urine

B. BUN

C. serum creatinine

D. GFR

BUN

Which laboratory test is used to determine the urinary system's ability to break down nitrogenous compounds from proteins to produce urea nitrogen?

A. BUN

B. serum creatinine

C. GFR

D. all of the above

90

Normally, the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys should be _____ mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater.

A. 30

B. 90

C. 50

D. 75

white females

Serious adverse effects typically accompany the injection of urographic contrast agents are most common in elderly

A. white females

B. black females

C. white males

D. black males

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following predisposing conditions may increase the risk of an adverse reaction to an iodinated contrast agent?

1. Dehydration

2. Heart disease

3. Asthma

A. 1, 2, and 3

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1 and 3 only

sonography

What is the modality of choice for evaluating individuals after kidney transplantation?

A. sonography

B. FDG-PET

C. MRI

D. CT

CT stone study

The American College of Radiology's imaging modality of choice for a patient presenting with an acute onset of flank pain or other symptoms that suggest the presence of renal calculi is

A. CT stone study

B. abdominal MR with and without contrast

C. renal sonogram

D. abdominal CT with and without contrast

Diencephalon

Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the brainstem?

a. Pons

b. Medulla oblongata

c. Diencephalon

d. Midbrain

computed tomography (CT)

Which of the following is the modality of choice for detecting cerebrovascular hemorrhage following acute head trauma?

a. Computed tomography

b. Magnetic resonance imaging

c. Nuclear medicine

d. Sonography

all of the above

A ventricular shunt is placed between the ventricles and the _____ to drain excess CSF in patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus.

a. internal jugular vein

b. heart

c. peritoneum

d. all of the above

5%

Since the introduction of CT, the overall mortality rate due to brain abscesses has decreased from more than 40% to less than:

a. 30%.

b. 15%.

c. 5%.

d. 0.5%

Functional imaging (fMRI)

Which of the following advanced MR imaging techniques is not useful in supporting a diagnosis of MS?

a. Diffusion imaging

b. Functional imaging (fMRI)

c. Perfusion imaging

d. Magnetization transfer

both b and c

Noncontrast brain CT scans are most commonly used to diagnose patients with strokelike symptoms because of their:

a. high sensitivity to ischemic strokes.

b. high sensitivity to hemorrhagic strokes.

c. wide availability.

d. both b and c.

posterior fossa.

In children, brain tumors often tend to occur in the:

a. brainstem.

b. frontal lobe.

c. temporal lobes.

d. posterior fossa.

infiltrative tumors

Distinguishing clinical features of astrocytomas include:

a. fast growing.

b. infiltrative tumors.

c. high grade of malignancy.

d. all of the above.

skull radiography

Meningiomas are fed by the meningeal arteries, often enabling demonstration of an enlarged foramen spinosum and increased meningeal vascular markings on:

a. skull radiography.

b. contrast-enhanced CT.

c. contrast-enhanced MRI.

d. all of the above

Pituitary adenoma

Which of the following is NOT one of three tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath?

a. Acoustic neuroma

b. Acoustic neurilemma

c. Schwannoma

d. Pituitary adenoma