complications of labor and c section - OB exam 3

Ineffective Contractions

Contractions not sufficient to promote cervical effacement and dilation.

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)

Fetal size disproportionate to maternal pelvis, causing failure to progress.

PROM (Prelabor Rupture of Membranes)

Rupture of amniotic sac before labor onset; greatest risk is infection.

pPROM (Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes)

Membrane rupture before 37 weeks of gestation.

Precipitous Labor

Labor duration of less than 3 hours from onset to birth.

Forceps-Assisted Delivery

Use of two curved blades to assist fetal head birth; risks include facial nerve palsy.

Vacuum-Assisted Delivery

Use of vacuum cup with negative pressure; limited to 3 pulls and 20-30 minutes max.

Shoulder Dystocia Sign

Turtle sign (retraction of fetal head against the patient's pelvis).

Shoulder Dystocia Maneuvers

McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure. Never use fundal pressure.

Umbilical Cord Prolapse Action

Place patient in knee-chest or Trendelenburg position and manually lift the cord.

Uterine Rupture Management

Emergency cesarean birth and administration of volume expanders/blood.

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Condition where amniotic fluid enters maternal circulation causing cardiovascular collapse.