A&P Direction, Planes, Cavities, and positions

What is the sagittal plane?

Divides the body into right and left parts.

What is the midsagittal (median) plane?

Divides the body into equal right and left halves.

What is the parasagittal plane?

Divides the body into unequal right and left parts.

What is the frontal (coronal) plane?

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

What is the transverse plane?

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

What is an oblique plane?

A plane that cuts the body at an angle.

What does superior mean?

Toward the head or upper part.

What is the opposite of superior?

Inferior.

What does inferior mean?

Toward the lower part or feet.

What does anterior mean?

Toward the front.

What is the opposite of anterior?

Posterior.

What does posterior mean?

Toward the back.

What does medial mean?

Toward the midline of the body.

What is the opposite of medial?

Lateral.

What does lateral mean?

Away from the midline.

What does proximal mean?

Closer to the point of attachment or origin.

What is the opposite of proximal?

Distal.

What does distal mean?

Farther from the point of attachment or origin.

What does superficial mean?

Closer to the body surface.

What is the opposite of superficial?

Deep.

What does deep mean?

Farther from the body surface.

What does ipsilateral mean?

On the same side of the body.

What does contralateral mean?

On the opposite side of the body.

What is anatomical position?

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing forward.

In anatomical position, which way do the palms face?

Forward.

What does supine mean?

Lying on the back, face up.

What does prone mean?

Lying face down.

What is lateral recumbent?

Lying on the side.

What is dorsal recumbent?

Lying on the back with knees bent and feet flat.

What is Fowler's position?

Sitting up with the head of the bed raised.

What is Trendelenburg position?

Supine with the head lower than the feet.

What is reverse Trendelenburg?

Supine with the head higher than the feet.

What is Sims' position?

Lying on the left side, semi-prone, with the upper knee bent toward the chest.

What is lithotomy position?

Supine with hips and knees flexed, thighs apart, and feet supported.

What is knee-chest position?

Kneeling with the chest and head lowered and buttocks raised.

What are the two main cavity groups?

Dorsal and ventral cavities.

What are the two subdivisions of the dorsal cavity?

Cranial and vertebral cavities.

What is in the cranial cavity?

Brain.

What is in the vertebral cavity?

Spinal cord.

What is in the thoracic cavity?

Lungs, heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and great vessels.

What is in the abdominal cavity?

Stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, kidneys, and more.

What is in the pelvic cavity?

Bladder, internal reproductive organs, and rectum.

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Diaphragm.

What two cavities make up the abdominopelvic cavity?

Abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Are the abdominal and pelvic cavities physically separated?

No. Together they form the abdominopelvic cavity.

What does the pleura surround?

Each lung.

What does the pericardium surround?

The heart.

What does the peritoneum surround?

Abdominal organs and the wall of the abdominal cavity.

What does the parietal layer do?

Lines the cavity wall.

What does the visceral layer do?

Covers the organ surface.

What is between the parietal and visceral layers?

Serous fluid.

How many abdominopelvic quadrants are there?

Four.

What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ.

What is found in the RUQ?

Most of the liver and the gallbladder.

What is found in the LUQ?

Stomach and spleen.

What is found in the RLQ?

Appendix, cecum, and right ovary.

What is found in the LLQ?

Sigmoid colon and left ovary.

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.

What is the center region of the nine-region grid?

Umbilical region.

What is the upper middle region?

Epigastric region.

What is the lower middle region?

Hypogastric (pubic) region.

What is the frontal region?

Forehead.

What is the orbital region?

Eye area.

What is the nasal region?

Nose.

What is the buccal region?

Cheek.

What is the oral region?

Mouth.

What is the mental region?

Chin.

What is the cervical region?

Neck.

What is the pectoral region?

Chest.

What is the axillary region?

Armpit.

What is the mammary region?

Breast.

What is the abdominal region?

Abdomen.

What is the umbilical region?

Navel or belly button.

What is the pelvic region?

Pelvis.

What is the inguinal region?

Groin.

What is the pubic region?

Genital area.

What is the acromial region?

Shoulder.

What is the brachial region?

Upper arm.

What is the antecubital region?

Front of the elbow.

What is the olecranal region?

Back of the elbow.

What is the antebrachial region?

Forearm.

What is the carpal region?

Wrist.

What is the palmar region?

Palm of the hand.

What is the digital region?

Fingers or toes.

What is the femoral region?

Thigh.

What is the patellar region?

Front of the knee.

What is the popliteal region?

Back of the knee.

What is the crural region?

Lower leg or shin.

What is the sural region?

Calf.

What is the tarsal region?

Ankle.