The cell

Cell

• The basic structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made of one or more cells

Cell theory

• All living things are made of cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Nucleus

• Controls the activities of the cell and contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)

Cell membrane

• A selectively permeable membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell. It is mainly made of phospholipids and proteins

Cytoplasm

• A jelly-like substance that fills a cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

Mitochondria

Double membrane bound organelles responsible for aerobic respiration and

Ribosomes

A tiny structure of made up of RNA and protein that builds proteins inside cells

Rough ER

• A network of membranes covered with ribosomes. It makes and transports proteins around the cell.

Smooth ER

• A network of membranes without ribosomes. It makes lipids and helps detoxify harmful substances.

Golgi apparatus

A membrane bound organelle that Modifies, sorts and packages proteins into vesicles so they can be transported to other parts of the cell or outside the cell

Lysosomes

• A Small membrane bound organelle containing digestive enzymes. They break down waste, foreign materials and worn-out cell parts.

Chloroplast

A specialised cell organelle found in plants that converts sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

Cell wall

• A strong, rigid layer outside the cell membrane. In plants it’s mainly made of cellulose and provides support and protection

Vacuole

• A membrane bound organelle inside a cell that stores water nutrients and waste

Prokaryotic cell

• A small, simple cell with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles and Its DNA is free in the cytoplasm and found in bacteria

Eukaryotic cell

• A more complex cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle and is found in human and plant cells

Respiration

The process living cells use to break down food molecules to release energy

Photosynthesis

The process where plants use sunlight water and carbon dioxide to made there own food and releases oxygen

Aerobic

Aerobic means with oxygen

Anaerobic

Anaerobic means without oxygen