ETH Quiz 2

The Disinherited

those born into positions with poverty, low power

Moral saint

a person whos every action is as morally good as possible, a person, that is, who is as morally worthy as can be

Loving saint

finds happiness in serving others to the exclusion of all else

Rational saint

finds happiness in normal things but chooses, from duty, to sacrifice that for others

Nonmoral virtues according to Wolf

Not vices, but skills or personality traits

a priori

knowledge you have before experience

a posteriori

knowledge you have after experience

Natural Theology

attempts to say something about God from reason or observation, without appealing to authority of any scripture

Onotology

the study of being, the nature of existence and what is included in it

Epistemology

the study of knowledge, what we can know and how we know it

The ontological arguement

If god id the greatest thing that can exist in theory, he must exist in reality because that would be greater than him in theory

The problem of evil

the presence of evil (natural and moral) in the world is incompatible with the existence of an all-good and all-powerful God

Theodicy

an attempt to defend the possibility of such a God, given evil and suffering

Empiricism

philosophy that trusts experience over abstract reason

Pragmatism

emphasizes the practical consequences and utility of beliefs as the basis for determining their truth or value

How does Sermon on the Mount differ from aristotle’s description of the good life?*

Sermon on the Mount (jesus) says that everyone can achieve the good life and reward is in heaven

Aristotle says that only people with money or resources can achieve the good life and being virtuous is self-rewarding

In Matthew 5, in what general ways does Jesus reframe the Old Testament Law?

Breaks things down into their origin, external action to internal feeling

What does Thurman mean when he says he treats Jesus as a religious subject rather than a religious object?

Treating Jesus as a person who experienced things, not just us believing in him, knowing he did things

What survival strategies do the disinherited employ and what is Jesus’ alternative?*

Resist (non resistence), not to resist (imitation and reduce contact with the enemy to a minimum)

Jesus say humility: be fully and totally yourself and know they might fight you for it (maintain integrity)

What belief was Jesus and the Disinherited written to disprove?

That jesus was better than everyone

Why might someone think Wolf’s criticism in “Moral Saints” wouldn’t apply to Aristotles ethics?**

Moral saints would not want to be all the time and aristotles yes all time?

a morally good and happy, w morall good all time and not happy (missing nonmoral virtues)

A sayas max in mean, w cant be max because you would be boring (a mean of being

a includes w nonmoral virtues withing moral virtues

Aristotle says maximum happiness is the mean of moral virtues, including skill and personality traits. Wolf’s criticism says that by choosing to be completely morally good, you would be mising nonmoral virtues

What is the first statement that Descartes thinks he knows is always true? *

i am because i exist/im thinking it

In the Allegory of the cave, what is the sun?

The true good, of reality and knowledge

What does the Allegory of the Cave argue is most real?

The lit world outside

In his speech, Ivan Karamazov says “If I try to understand anything, I shall be false to the fact, and I have determined to stick to the fact.” What is he worried that “understanding” will do to the “fact”?

Understanding it to be able to explain it will allow it to be justified/explained away

When does William James think we are justified in taking a leap of faith?

When the proposed beliefs are live, forced, and momentous