Spinal surgeries/spondy -losis, lolysis, -lolisthesis

discectomy/microdiscectomy Indication

HNP

discectomy/microdiscectomy procedure

removal of the herniations or entire disc

laminectomy indication

spinal stenosis, NRC

laminectomy procedure

removal of bone at interlaminar space

foraminotomy indication

spinal stenosis, HNP, multiple NRC

foraminotomy procedure

removal of spinous process and the entire laminae to the level of the pedicle; usually done in conjunction with fusion

corpectomy indication

multilevel stenosis, spondylolisthesis with NRC

corpectomy procedure

removal of the vertebral body; disc above and below the segment is removed, and a strut graft with instrumentation is used to fuse the anterior column

spinal fusion indication

segmental instability, fracture, facet joint arthritis

spinal fusion procedure

fusion of the facet joints using hardware and bone graft; may use fusion cages or pedicle screws and rods to achieve fixation

kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty indication

vertebral compression fracture

kyphoplasty procedure

balloon and cement; restores height of vertebrae

kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty procedure

minimally invasive procedures involving balloon and/or cement injected

Spondylosis

age-related or premature degeneration of the spinal discs and joints, often resulting in osteoarthritis and bone spur formation.

Spondylolysis

small crack between the pars interarticularis (thin portion of the vertebrae connecting the facet joints)

Spondylothesis

translation of one vertebral body anteriorly or posteriorly relative to an adjacent vertebral body

Grade 1 Spondylothesis

0-25% forward slip

Grade 2 Spondylothesis

25-50% forward slip

Grade 3 Spondylothesis

50-75% forward slip

Grade 4 Spondylothesis

75-1--% forward slip

Grade 5 Spondylothesis

vertebrae has completely fallen off also known as spondyloptosis

Facetectomy procedure

removal of all or part of a facet joint in the spine, typically performed to decompress spinal nerve roots and relieve pressure or pain.

Facetectomy indication

when nerve compression is severe and other treatments haven't been effective. Often considered for conditions like degenerative spine disease, spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal), or nerve root compression due to other causes

Lumbar decompression procedure

relieving pressure on the nerves in the lower back, specifically the lumbar spine

Lumbar decompression indications

recommended when non-surgical treatments haven't provided adequate relief for conditions like spinal stenosis, herniated discs, or sciatica

Why is the anterior approach for a spinal fusion not used as much?

The anterior approach is more challenging and there is a longer recovery time.

Lateral approach of spinal fusion preserves the

anterior longitudinal ligament

gold standard for disc replacements ?

microdiscectomy