maori land timeline

1840 06 feb

treaty of waitangi

1840 21 march

hobson claimed northisland by cession through the treaty.

south island by discovery

1841

land claims ordinace act-

set up out of good faith by the europeans, to settle any land claims pre treaty signing, examples are the websters claim and nz company claiming 20 million

1841 - hobson

formed a basic legislative council and bankrupted the colony then dies in 1842

1844 - fitzroy

ran out of land and money to provide settlers so crown pre emption was waived (meaning the crown gave up its exlusive right to be the only purchaser of maori land)

1845 - governor grey

stablished provincial governance, he created relationships with maori and sawhimself easing the footsteps of a progressive race, destined to become one with europeans

1847

Q v symonds

governor fitzroy waived crown preemption as he could no longer fund for new settlers

governor grey arrival brought a test case so the crown was for mcintosh against the crown agent

1854

wastelands act -

land that wasnt being occupied using ahiko 'the fires of occupation' was considered to be crown land

1858

kigitanga movement

-purpose was to protect maori land and authority when an excessive amount of land was being taken especially in wakiato and taranki, bay of plenty.

- philosphy was no more maori land to be sold, not attack or permit europeans to be robbed

-bring maori togethor as a unity

-first king was potatau

native land act 1862

- set up the native land court

- required maori to bring apllication to the court

- required maori land to be surveyed and registered with indivdual ownership

- waiver of crown pre-emption (because its biggest goal was to make maori land available for europeans)

nz settlement act 1863

allowed europeans to confiscate land in disturbed districts

main purpose to set land aside for settlement and colonisation

maori owners who has "not taken part in rebellion" were meant to be compensated

a compensation court was made to decide which maori were in rebellion a loyal

lead to the spike in the nz wars mainly in the waikato and taranki districts lost over 500,000 acres

native alnd act 1865

streanghted the native land court making established

to encourage extinction of such customary ownership

tenure reform making maori land much easier to sell and transform

regulate succession

the native land court

no build up of common law

own procedures in court

no official records

dealt with mainly commondification

'engine of destruction'

' land taking court'

maori were faced with lawyers, surveyors, fees and expenses sometimes would have to sell a piece of thier land just to proove the rest was thiers

1864 -

public works act

maori land coul dbe confiscated for public purposes such as roads, whereas european owners could be compensated for this didnt change until 1974

1877

wai parata vs bishop

1881

west coast reserves settlement act

alot of land that was taken from th emaori through the nz wars was promised to be put into reserves however the government put thi sland into a public trustee which was leased out to european settlers for very cheap locking maori out of thier ancestrol land for over a century

1882

native land rating act

maori taxes were put onto land and if they werent payed the land would be siezed under the crown

1900

maori land admin act

created maori councils around the country to better help maori manage and retain thier land

1901

tamaki v baker

1902

land title protection act

coul dno longer question the crown being the highest source of title against maori customary

1909

native land act

prevented the Crown from buying Māori land from a few individual owners, unless a meeting of all owners had agreed to accept the offer

1920

native trustee act

more centralised control creating a maori trustee act to help better manage maori remaning land, a leading step from the 1900 land admin act

1975

waitangi tribunal

purpose was to establish the tribunal to make reccomendations to the crown to compensate where maori suffered

not a court

interprets the treaty

any maori individual or group could submit a claim where they were effected by legislation that was inconsistent with the treaty of waitangi

not binding very influential

- initial claims only from 1975 onwards so veey few claism were made up until the 1985 ammendment

waitangi tribunal catergory claims

historical - past land loss

contemporary - acting consistently with treaty principles now

conceptual - natrual resources and maori culture

waitnagi tribunal claims process

claim the land registration

fund the claim

group the related claims togethor in the same hapu

research

hearings

tribunal report

crown and iwi negotiations

1985

treaty of waitangi ammendment act

jurisdiction was to back track to the 1840 land claims in the waitangi tribunal

1993

te ture whenua maori act

to promote the retention of maori land

to facilate the occupation and devlopment of maori land

restrict alineation of maori land and status

establishment of more appropriate ownership structures

catergories of maori land in te ture whenua

maori customary land - tikang values not under title ownership

maori freehold land - average number of owners 100 people

general maori land - general land that happens to be owned by a maori

general land - not protected under the act would need to get passed through the MLC

crown land - owned by the crown

crown land reserved for maori - protected reserves for maori purposes

maori land today

1.3 million hectares left today

48% arent surveyed

land march 1975

dame whina cooper

lead from the top of the north island down to wellington parliment with over 5000 people and 60,000 signatures

slogan; not one more acre

purpose was to stop the loss of maori land

baston point

506 days maori camped on baston point in a protest to not give up thier land, they were prosecuted by the police