D31

bare

v) uncover sth so that it is visible ● The burglar took to his heels when the large family dog __________ its teeth and growled at him.

unbeknown [to sb)

adv) without sb knowing ● __________________ to us, the boss had heard our entire conversation.

sustain

v) // experience or suffer sth unpleasant ● Lance __________________ a severe leg injury when he fell off his bike

foreman

n) // a worker who is responsible for leading a group of other workers, especially in construction or factory work ● The factory __________________ told the workers to take a break while the machines were being serviced.

ignition

n) the action of starting to burn or of making something burn ● The flames spread to all parts of the house within minutes of __________________ .

semicomatose

adj) almost unconscious ● Gwen was still __________________ when we saw her after her operation, so she didn’t seem to realise where she was

hold down

phr v) manage to keep a job ● John had difficulty in __________________ two jobs at once as he was utterly exhausted.

epileptic

adj) // related to epilepsy, an illness affecting the brain ● Tom became __________________ as a result of a head injury

seizure

n) an attack of an illness that strikes suddenly ● Aunt Hilda was admitted to hospital after her heart __________________ .

post-traumatic

adj) as a result of a serious shock or injury, especially to the brain ● Naser suffered from __________________ stress after his town was bombed.

disinhibition

n) // the state of having no feeling of embarrassment or shyness to restrict behaviour ● Certain drugs, which have caused people to experience sudden social __________________ and lead to self-destructive behaviour, are banned in Australia.

inhibit

v) restrict sb’s actions by causing them to feel shy or embarrassed ● Students felt that their new teacher __________________ them from learning with her strict manner.

self-awareness

n) a sense of understanding your own behaviour and who you are ● Watching how you behave on video can lead to a greater sense of __________________

introductory

adj) // intended to introduce you to a subject or activity ● The college offers a range of short __________________ courses for foreign students.

sought-out

adj) desired; wanted ● The most __________________ paintings fetched a good price at the auction.

invaluable

adj) // very useful ● The internet has become such an __________________ source of information that we now feel quite deprived if we cannot get online.

mosaic

n) // a pattern or image made with many small parts put together ● The path leading to the mansion was a __________________ of broken tiles and pebbles.

determinant

n) // a deciding factor ● Qualifications may not be the sole __________________ in securing a job, but they can give you an advantage over other candidates

baffle

v) // confuse ● Grace’s decision to resign from her comfortable job completely __________________ her colleagues.

troubled

adj) worried ● I knew all was not well when I saw Tom’s __________________ expression.

encompass

v) // include ● Make sure your essay __________________ all the relevant points.

multitude

n) // large number of people or things together ● There are a __________________ of expressions to describe different types of human behaviour.

interrelated

adj) // connected together; bearing a relation to each other ● Our states of physical and emotional health are closely __________________ .

misspent

adj) // used in a careless or wasteful way ● Despite her __________________ teenage years when she hardly studied at all, Elaine passed her university degree with flying colours.

pleasurable

adj) // enjoyable ● My holiday at the spa was a most __________________ experience which left me feeling refreshed and relaxed.

maladjusted

adj) // with emotional problems that prevent sb behaving in a socially acceptable way ● Those who bully others often tend to be __________________ as a result of their upbringing. [n: ed -> ment]

aberrant

adj) // antisocial ● Mike was expelled from school as a result of his repeated __________________ behaviour in class.

misanthrope

n) // sb who does not like other people and avoids human company ● Although Sue enjoys spending time alone with her books, it doesn’t mean that she’s a complete __________________ ; she actually has a wide circle of friends.

adamant

adj) // having a fixed opinion about sth ● The parliamentary spokesperson was __________________ that the tax increases were justified and no amount of public protest would change the decision.

elated

adj) // joyful and very excited ● We were __________________ at the referee’s decision to award our team a penalty.

overjoyed

adj) // extremely pleased ● Irene’s grandmother was __________________ to see her when she returned from Canada.

dispassionate

adj) // clear-thinking because of lack of emotional involvement ● To a __________________ observer, United clearly did not deserve to win, though the fans would never admit it.

uneasy

adj) // worried or unconfident ● They had an __________________ feeling that they were being followed.

neurotic

adj) // behaving nervously or unreasonably ● Mr Templar became __________________ about home security after the burglary and had cameras fitted in every room.

obnoxious

adj) // horrible; offensive ● What an __________________ manner he has! It’s small wonder he has no friends.

impassive

adj) // showing no sign of emotion ● From her __________________ expression, you can never tell what our teacher is thinking.

poised

adj) // with a calm and confident manner; not moving but ready to do so ● The cat stood __________________ for action as she waited for the bird to land on the lawn.

eloquent

adj) able to express opinions well in a clear and confident way, especially in public ● The most __________________ speaker was chosen to represent the team in the debate

scrupulous

adj) // honest; giving careful attention to detail ● The detectives made a __________________ search of the crime scene.

upright

adj) // behaving honestly and ethically ● I couldn’t believe such an apparently __________________ citizen could have committed murder.

distrustful

adj) // not trusting sb/sth easily ● Granddad is extremely __________________ of all politicians.

conduct yourself

v) behave in a certain way ● The sales assistant __________________ herself in a highly unprofessional manner when she lost her temper with the customer

swallow sth

hold [sth] back; not reveal or express sth ● Linda tried to __________________  her emotions as she broke the bad news to her friend.

appallingly

adv) // in a shocking way ● The court case was __________________ handled; the verdict was so unfair!

vent

v) // express strongly ● Alex hit the ball hard into the net to __________________ his frustration at losing the match.

gullible

adj) // easy to deceive; liable to believe what other say without question ● How could you be so __________________ as to buy that old heap of a car?

companionable

adj) // friendly and good to be in the company of ● My uncle is a __________________ character, who is always the life and soul of the party.

compatible

adj) // able to get on well together through having similar or matching characteristics or interests and needs ● Our musical tastes are not __________________ as I really can’t stand jazz.

inseparable

adj) // that can’t be separated; having a very friendly close relationship ● Nancy and Robert have been absolutely __________________ from the year they met.

philosophical

adj) // accepting a negative situation with a calm, understanding reaction ● Mum was quite __________________ about losing her job as she said she might now consider starting her own business.

platonic

adj) // having a friendly, but not sexual relationship ● Steve’s insists that his friendship with Margo is purely __________________ and they aren’t romantically involved.

condition

v) // train a person or animal to behave in a particular way or accept sth ● Army recruits are __________________ to follow orders from their superiors.

unconditional

adj) // unlimited; without expecting sth in return ● Fiona is a true friend who is always prepared to offer __________________ help whenever necessary.

fit in

phr v) // feel accepted and have a sense of belonging in a group, team, etc. ● Language and cultural barriers made it hard for Omar to __________________ with Greek society.

go back

phr v) know each other from a time in the past ● Angela and I __________________ 15 years; we used to work together.

work up

phr v) cause a feeling or idea to develop ● Vince held an exhibition of his artwork to __________________ some interest from potential customers.

do sb’s head in

expr) annoy or confuse sb intensely ● Please turn off that music! It’s ______ my ____________ and I can’t concentrate.

urge

v) // encourage or strongly advise sb to do sth ● Jeff wanted to study art, but his parents were __________________ him to leave school and get a job to earn a living.

egg [sb) on

phr v) encourage or provoke sb to do sth ● As the boys _______ each other _____ to dive off the high rocks into the sea, two of them ended up in hospital.

wind [sb) up

phr v) annoy sb; say sth that is not true to annoy sb ● Don’t take George seriously; he’s just _________ you _________

stress [sb) out

phr v) cause sb to feel very anxious ● The pressure of studying for exams was _________ him _________ completely.

a slap in the face

expr) an insulting or disappointing action or event ● It was a real __________________ for Rita when she got turned down for promotion after all her hard work.

at arm’s length

expr) at a safe distance ● Tracy keeps her neighbours __________________ as she prefer to keep her personal business private.

behind sb’s back

expr) without sb knowing or against their wishes ● Carol fell out with her colleague when she found out he’d been talking about her ________ her __________

keep a cool head

expr) remain calm ● Don’t worry so much about your interview; just __________________ and do your best.

bite your tongue

expr) hold yourself back from saying sth that might upset sb ● I knew my teacher had made a mistake, but I didn’t know whether to tell her or just __________________

give sb the elbow

expr) reject sb; tell sb to leave because they are no longer needed or wanted ● Harry _________ his so called friend __________________ when he realised he’d been using him to advance his own career.

be beside yourself with

expr) // be overcome by an emotion ● Dad was __________ himself __________ happiness when I told him I’d got my scholarship

at heart

expr) essentially, sometimes underneath an outward appearance ● Debbie can sound abrupt over the phone despite being a warm and friendly person __________________

in a rut

expr) in a routine [often boring) situation that is hard to change ● I wish I could find a more exciting job instead of being stuck __________________ as a bank clerk.

on edge

expr) nervous; easily upset ● Most parents tend to be a bit __________________ when they are unsure of their teenage children’s whereabouts.

out of character

expr) in a way that is different from sb’s usual personality ● How strange that Mandy lost her temper last night – it was so __________________

mob

n) a large crowd of people who may behave violently ● An angry __________________ protested outside the town hall

clique

n) a small close-knit group which excludes others ● I’m afraid the school students’ committee has become a bit of a __________________ who are doing whatever they feel like whilst ignoring their classmates’ views.

self-content

n) the sense of being happy with the way you are ● Despite having lived in a city most of her life, Karen had a feeling of __________________ settling down in her small country house. [adj]

self-satisfaction

n) the sense of being pleased or satisfied with sth you have done ● Having received so much praise for her project, Kate felt a sense of __________________

self-sufficiency

n) // the state of having enough resources without needing anything from others ● Moving to another country requires a great deal of __________________ as it could be difficult to build support networks

look sb up

phr v) contact or visit sb when you are in their area ● Next time you’re in London, ________ me __________ and we can get together.

crack sb up

phr v) say sth that amuses sb very much ● Billy’s live performance was so funny it ___________ us all _________. We couldn’t stop laughing!

leave sb cold

expr) fail to arouse any interest or excitement for sb ● The idea of a night at the opera ___________ Daniel ________.

contagion

n) the quick spread of sth, such as disease or a negative idea ● The sudden influx of immigrants has led to the __________________ of racism throughout Europe.

discursive

adj) used to describe writing or spoken discussion involving different opinions on sth ● We were asked to write a __________________ essay on the pros and cons of technological advances.

undue

adj) // unnecessary or more than acceptable ● Working from home put __________________ stress on Annie’s family relationships.

ridicule

v) // make fun of ● Hamish’s peers __________________ him because of his Scottish accent when he moved to York.

let yourself in for sth

expr) get involved in sth that may be a difficult experience ● Before you sign the contract with the company, make sure you know what you’re __________________

distress

n) anxiety or suffering ● Mark is always willing to help a friend in __________________ .

rear its [ugly] head

expr) appear or occur ● When the possibility of losing his job __________________ , George thought of becoming self-employed.

stand/hold your ground

expr) refuse to back down or give up; stick to your opinion ● Julie __________________ and refused to work any unpaid overtime.

redefine

v) // give sth a new meaning; move the limits of sth ● Technology has __________________ the art of written communication

sorrow

n) // a strong feeling of sadness ● A look of __________________ swept across his face when he heard the bad news.