soc exam 4

chap 14

gerontology

field of science to understand process of aging

marriage

legal union based on mutual rights and obligations

family

group of people related by marriage, blood or adoption

changing american family

Families today look different from families in the past.

nuclear family

A family made up of two parents (usually a mother and father) and their children living together in one household.

extended family

A family that includes parents and children, along with other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

family of orientation

the family you were born into or grow up in. Usally included your parents, siblings, or the people who raised you

family of procreation

the family you create as an adult, usually through marriage, having children or raising a family

intimacy

close and personal relationship built over time

passionate/ romantic love

sudden onset, strong sexual feelings, idealization of one who is loved

companionate love

develops gradually, not necessarily tied to sexual passion, based on rational assessments of the one who is loved

exogamy

the rule or practice of marrying someone from outside your own social group, community or family

endogamy

the rule or practice of marrying someone inside your own social group, culture, religion or community

propinquity

people are most likely to become friends or develop relationships with people who are physically close to them or who they see often

homogamy

the tendency for people to marry or form relationships with others who are similar to them in age, education, social class, religion, or background

heterogamy

the tendency for people to marry or form relationships with someone who is different from them in age, education, social class, religion, or background

stimulus value role theory

a theory that explains how relationships develop through three stages as people get to know each other

stimulus stage

first impressions. you notice someone’s appearance, personality, or behavior

value stage

you discover whether you share beliefs, options and values

role stage

you decide if you work well together in a relationship and can fulfill each others expectations

kinship

connections or relationships between people through blood, marriage or adoption

Deinstitutionalization of Marriage

The idea that marriage is becoming less important as a traditional social institution. People have more freedom to decide what relationships and family structures work for them.

institutional marriage

marriage as a traditional social instution with expected roles, responsibilities and rules for husband and wives

companionate marriage

A type of marriage focused on love, friendship, emotional support, and companionship rather than traditional gender roles.

individual marriage

A type of marriage where each person focuses on their own personal happiness, independence, personal growth, and goals within the relationship.

monogamy

one marriage partner throughout life time

serial monogamy

Having one romantic or marriage partner at a time, but having multiple partners throughout your lifetime.

incomplete institutionalization

a social institution or relationship does not have clear rules, expectations or traditions that everyone follows

parentification of siblings

siblings can play more of a parental role

cohabitation

two people who are in a romantic relationship living together without being married.

sandwich generation

adults who are taking care of their aging parents while also supporting or raising their own children

structural functionalist theory

families are important because they help society function by providing stability, raising children, teaching value, and supporting family members

*Functionalist = Function (how families help society work).

conflict theory

families can involve struggles over power, money, and resources. Some family members may have more control or advantages than others.

*Conflict = Conflict (who has power, money, and control).

symbolic interaction theory

focuses on how family members communicate, interact, and create meanings through everyday experiences

social exchange theory

people make decisions in relationships by weighing the rewards (benefits) against the cost (what they give up or what is difficult)

child abuse

harm or mistreatement of a child, including neglect and other forms of abuse

neglect

failure to provide a child with adequate attention, supervision, or resources. It is the most common form of child abuse

victims at higher risk

children from birth to 3 years old and children with disabilities

perpetrators

people who commit abuse. Risk factors listed included poverty, unemployment, young age, being single, mental illness, history of domestic abuse, and limited education

what is the most common form of child abuse

neglect

intimate partner violence

abuse or violence between people in a romantic or intimate relationships

patterns of violence

different pattterns of abusive behavior within relationships

common couple violence

conflict between partners that occasionally escalates into violence, rather than being part of an ongoing patern of control

intimate terrorism

a pattern of abuse where on partner uses violence, intimidation, and control to dominate the other partner

why do women stay in abusive relationship?

including fear, financial dependence, children, isolation, or hope that things will change

what is the cycle of abuse

violent, makeup period, honeymoon period

violent episode

an incident of abuse or violence occurs

makeup period

the abusive partner apologizes, makes promises, or tries to make things better

honeymoon period

the relationship seems peaceful again, with affection and promises of change

cultural factors

violence is viewed as an acceptable or legitimate way to solve conflicts

gender inequality

unequal power between men and women

gender socialization

society teaches expectations about gender, including the belief that women should be submissive

community factors

isolation and lack of acess to community services or support

individual and family factors

personal of family history of violence, drug use, alcohol use, and poverty

remember the 4 factors that contribute to family violence

cultural

gender

community

individual and family

Primary prevention strategies

• Targets: general population

• Goal: prevent violence BEFORE it happens

• Examples: through education, reducing stress and unemployment, providing childcare, and ending glorified violence

*Remember Primary = Prevent it from Happening ; Everyone

secondary prevention strategies

• Targets: High risk families

• Goal: Intervene with families who are at a higher risk of experiencing violence

• Examples: Parent education, support groups, substance abuse treatment, counseling, home visit programs

*Remember Secondary = Risk of it happening ; High risk

Tertiary prevention strategies

• Targets: Families that have already experienced abuse

• Goal: Respond to abuse that has already happened and prevent further harm

• Examples: Domestic violence hotlines and shelters, foster care, restraining orders, mandatory arrest policies, treatment for abuse

*Remember Tertiary = Already happened