Health Education: Nutrition and Physical Activity Study Guide

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, macronutrients, energy balance, exercise categories, and fitness training principles from the Health Education study guide.

Balance

The ability to control or stabilize the body when a person is standing still or moving.

Flexibility

The quality of bending easily without breaking.

Body Composition

A term used to describe the percentages of fat, bone, water, and muscle in human bodies.

Coordination

The ability to use the senses together with body parts during movement.

Muscular Strength

The ability of a muscle to exert force against resistance (one time).

Muscular Endurance

The ability of a muscle to continually, repeatedly exert force against resistance (over time).

Speed

The ability to move your body or parts of your body swiftly.

Reaction Time

The ability to react or respond quickly to what you hear, see, or feel.

Power

The ability to move the body parts swiftly while applying the maximum force of the muscles.

Agility

The ability to change direction and position quickly.

Basal Metabolic Rate

The amount of calories you burn while at rest, or without exercising.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

The heart and the lungs working together to provide oxygen to the body during physical activity.

Carbohydrates

A macronutrient providing $4\,\text{cals/gram}$ that acts as the body's main source of energy.

Proteins

A macronutrient providing $4\,\text{cals/gram}$ that repairs and builds new tissues.

Fats

A macronutrient providing $9\,\text{cals/gram}$ that insulates the body by holding in heat, and protects vital organs.

Micronutrients

Non-energy yielding dietary components consisting of vitamins, minerals, and water.

Calorie

A unit of measurement for heat energy, defined as the amount of energy it takes to raise $1\,\text{g}$ of water by $1^{\circ}\text{C}$.

3500 Calories

The number of calories contained in $1\,\text{pound}$ of body weight.

Tofu

A protein-rich meat substitute made from soybeans.

Aerobic Exercise

Exercise performed with oxygen consisting of endurance-type activities such as brisk walking, running, swimming, cycling, jump-roping, gardening, and ice skating.

Anaerobic Exercise

Exercise performed without oxygen consisting of short, explosive activities such as heavy weight lifting, sprinting, and calisthenics like jump squats and box jumps.

Principle of Specificity

A fitness principle stating that specific workouts produce specific results (for example, training only flexibility will not improve cardiorespiratory fitness).

Principle of Overload

A fitness principle stating that workouts must continue to increase in difficulty and challenge the body in order to progress physical fitness levels.

Principle of Progression

A fitness principle involving developing a plan to gradually and systematically increase the difficulty of workouts as one progresses toward fitness goals.

FITT Principle

A fitness guideline comprising Frequency (how often you exercise), Intensity (how physically exhausting the exercise is), Time (how long you exercise), and Type (what type of exercise).