Chapter 22: Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy- Panoramic Radiographs

a

The principles of tomography are described by each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Tomography is based on a moving x-ray source and corresponding stationary image receptor.

B) Tomography allows panoramic radiographs to record anatomic tissues one section at a time.

C) Tomography produces an image one slice at a time that are then combined side by side on an image receptor.

D) Unusual anatomical relationships not seen on intraoral radiographs are due to wide broadening of the arches and superimposition of structures.

d

All of the following are recorded on a panoramic radiograph except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Cervical vertebra of the spine

B) Hyoid bone

C) Maxilla

D) Thoracic vertebra

b

In panoramic radiography, structures located at increasingly greater distances from the center of the focal trough will be

A) sharper.

B) blurred out.

C) not imaged.

D) more radiopaque.

c

Which of the following describes the term used for nonanatomical images that are typically recorded by panoramic radiographs?

A) Foreign body

B) Soft tissues

C) Artifacts

D) Ghost images

c

Panoramic images will record additional bones and structures of the oral facial or maxillofacial region including all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Maxillary sinus

B) TMJ

C) Ligaments of the femur

D) Cartilage in the neck

a

The cranial and facial bones that may be recorded on dental radiographs include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Lumbar vertebrae

B) Sphenoid bone

C) Zygoma

D) Occipital bone

b

The appearance of a fracture on panoramic images can be mistaken for which of the following?

A) An artifact

B) Outline of soft tissue

C) Ghost image

D) Air space

d

Each of the following will appear radiopaque on a panoramic radiograph except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Lateral pterygoid plate

B) Zygomatic process

C) Genial tubercles

D) Infraorbital foramen

a

*Each of the following will appear radiolucent on a panoramic radiograph except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Orbit

B) Maxillary tuberosity

C) Zygoma

D) Lingual

d

What is the term for regions of the skull where there is less bone or thin bony structures on a panoramic radiograph?

A) Artifact

B) Outline of soft tissue

C) Ghost image

D) Air space

b

Which of the following could help minimize the appearance of air spaces?

A) Reduce the radiation exposure amount.

B) Correct positioning into the focal trough.

C) Keep finger pressed on the exposure button.

D) Tell the patient to hold still throughout exposure.

d

All of the following panoramic machine parts could be recorded on panoramic images except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Chin rest

B) Biteblock

C) Positioning guides

D) Exposure control button

c

What is the term for mirror or second images of structures that are penetrated by the x-ray beam twice?

A) Artifact

B) Outline of soft tissue

C) Ghost image

D) Air space

a

Which anatomical landmark is found in the maxillary anterior region of a panoramic radiograph?

A) Incisive canal

B) Hamulus

C) Lateral pterygoid plate

D) Maxillary tuberosity

b

Which anatomical landmark is found in the maxillary posterior region of a panoramic radiograph?

A) Incisive canal

B) Middle cranial fossa

C) Incisive foramen

D) Nasal cavity

c

Which anatomical landmark is found in both the maxillary anterior AND posterior region of a panoramic radiograph?

A) Styloid process

B) Pterygomaxillary fissure

C) Hard palate

D) Nasal cavity

d

Which anatomical landmark is found in the mandibular anterior region of a panoramic radiograph?

A) Condyle

B) Angle of the mandible

C) Lingula

D) Mental ridge

c

Which anatomical landmark is found in the mandibular posterior region of a panoramic radiograph?

A) Genial tubercles

B) Mental fossa

C) Submandibular fossa

D) Lingual foramen

b

Which of the following is described by soft tissue observed at the edges of panoramic radiographs as faint radiopaque outlines superimposed over the styloid process, anterior and inferior to the mastoid process?

A) Tongue

B) Ear

C) Lip line

D) Soft palate

c

Which of the following is described by the radiolucency between the palate and tongue that presents if the tongue is not correctly positioned against the palate during panoramic exposures?

A) Nasopharyngeal air space

B) Glossopharyngeal air space

C) Palatoglossal air space

D) Cervical vertebra of the spinal column

a

Panoramic radiography is based on the principles of tomography.

a. True

b. False

a

Skills developed for interpretation of intraoral radiographs can be expanded and adapted for successful interpretation of panoramic images.

a. True

b. False

b

A panoramic image is unable to separate structures to make it possible to focus on a narrow slice of tissue at a time.

a. True

b. False

a

In panoramic imaging, three-dimensional structures of the head and neck are broadened and flattened.

a. True

b. False

b

The goal of panoramic technology is to isolate and produce a blurred image of the dental arches, while attempting to clearly image structures that are not of interest.

a. True

b. False

a

All of the anatomical features of the maxilla and mandible and the dentition that are recorded on intraoral radiographs will be recorded on panoramic images.

a. True

b. False

a

The genial tubercles appear on a panoramic radiograph as a radiopaque, donut-shaped circle surrounding the lingual foramen.

a. True

b. False

a

The glossopharyngeal air space will appear on a panoramic radiograph as an open area posterior to the tongue, continuing into the oral-pharyngeal region.

a. True

b. False

b

The nasopharyngeal air space is located between the tongue and the palate.

a. True

b. False

b

Ghost images and negative shadows enhance interpretation.

a. True

b. False

b

Panoramic images are not able to record additional bones and structures of the maxillofacial region

a. True

b. False

a

Panoramic images can possibly record cartilage and calcifications of ligaments located in the neck.

a. True

b. False

b

Soft tissues are not recorded by panoramic images.

a. True

b. False

a

Panoramic images must be interpreted by the dentist for all deviations from normal anatomy.

a. True

b. False

b

Research has indicated that it is not possible to identify carotid arterial plaques on some panoramic images

a. True

b. False

b

Air spaces appear with varying degree of radiopacity on panoramic images.

a. True

b. False

a

Air spaces could compromise the diagnostic ability of the panoramic radiograph.

a. True

b. False

a

Panoramic machine parts are sometimes recorded on panoramic images.

a. True

b. False

a

A ghost image could appear on the left side of a clearly recorded right side mandible.

a. True

b. False

a

Some anatomical structures are more readily observed than others on panoramic images.

a. True

b. False