BIO cell parts and functions

Cytoplasm

Jelly like fluid substance, mostly water, cushions and protects organelles in the cell

Cystol

gel substance no organelles

cell (plasma) membrane

thin flexible selectively permeable barrier surrounding all cells

double phospholipid bilayer

Nucleus

DNA(genetic material) is found here, control most of the cell processes

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes, found in the nucleus

Nuclear envelope(membrane)

Membrane surrounding the nucleus with holes/pores, allows RNA and ribosomes exit nucleus, buth not the DNA

Ribosome

Small organelle where proteins are made, free floating or attatched to ER

Mitochondria

Converts energy stored in foods into usable energy ATP

(ex glucose),

powerhouse of the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum ER

internal membrane system where proteins travel through to their various destinations

has rough and smooth er

Rough ER

has ribosomes attached to the surface, synthesizes and packages proteins

Smooth ER

no ribosomes on surface, synthesizes fats such as phospholipids and steroids, have enzymes to process alcohol, drugs and other harmful substances so there are many of the SER in Liver cells

Golgi body(appearatus)

Bunch of flattened sacs,

modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the ER to prep them for export,

Lysosomes

Animal

vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

breaks down biomolecules and old, worn out organelles,

breaks down lipids

Tay Sachs-lysosomes lack lipid digesting enzyme

vacuole

Main function-store water, sugar, proteins

-large in PLANT cells(central vacuole)

-small in ANIMAL cells, several of them

-paramecium has a contractile vacuole to pump water out

Cell wall

PLANTS

made of cellulose

-gives cells that have them a RIGID shape

-support and protect the cell

Chloroplasts

PLANT

-structure in plant cell captures sun energy and changes it to chemical energy

-photosynthesis

Centriole

ANIMAL

-helps in cell division

Junctions

Used for COMMUNICATION and BINDING between cells in close proximity to one another.

Diff kinds: tight, anchoring, gap

Plasmodestmata

junctions in plant cell wall

Cytoskeleton

-provide the cell structural support and movement

three types

Microtubules, intermediate filament, microfilaments

Microtubles

Thickest, hollow tubes, give shape, support, and provide tracks for organelles to move along

intermediate filament

found in cells of most animals

reinforce cell shape and anchor to move along

microfilaments

actin filaments, solid rods of globular proteins arranged in twisted double chain

support cells shape

peroxisomes

involves in breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol and h2o