Genetics Quiz Ultimate Study Guide

Genetics

The study of how traits are inherited.

Gene

A section of DNA that carries instructions.

DNA

Genetic material that makes up genes and chromosomes.

Chromosomes

A structure made up of DNA that contains genes.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene.

Genotype

The allele letters an organism has, such as $Ee$.

Phenotype

The observable physical trait of an organism.

Punnett Square

A tool used to predict genotype probability.

Pedigree

A chart showing traits passed through a family.

Karyotype

A visual display of chromosomes.

Carrier

An organism that possesses a recessive allele but does not show the trait.

Homozygous dominant

Genotype represented by $EE$.

Heterozygous

Genotype represented by $Ee$.

Homozygous recessive

Genotype represented by $ee$.

Probability

Calculated as $\text{Probability (\%)} = \frac{\text{Number of Matching Boxes}}{4} \times 100$.

Square (in Pedigree)

Represents a male.

Circle (in Pedigree)

Represents a female.

Shaded Symbol (in Pedigree)

Indicates that the person exhibits a specific trait.

Dominant trait

A trait that can mask a recessive trait.

Recessive trait

A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

Carrier Mechanism

A carrier possesses a recessive allele without displaying the recessive phenotype.