Mental Health ch 1

Health illness continium

behaviors relating to health

Mental health

ability to cope with and adjust to recurrent stresses of living in an acceptable way.

Mental illness (disorder)

disturbance in one's ability to cope effectively

Trephining

practice in which holes were drilled into the skull in an attempt to release evil spirits

Humoral theory of disease

an overabundance or lack of one or more humors resulted in illness

Demonic exorcisms

religious ceremonies in which patients were physically punished to drive away the evil possessing spirit

Lunancy

disorder caused by lunar body

Psychoanaylysis

forces both within and outside the personality were responsible for mental illness

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Passing electricity through the patients head to improve deppression

psycho therapeutic drugs

Chemicals that affect the mind. They are emotions, perceptions, and consiousness

Deinstitutionalization

release of large numbers of mentally ill persons into the community

Catchment area

Mental health center to provide comprehensive mental health services for all residents within a certain geographic region.

Lobotomy

Surgical procedure that serves the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus to eliminate almost all violent behaviors.

Mental health is influenced by:

• Inherited characteristics

• Childhood nurturing

• Life circumstances

• Individual is mentally ill when behaviors

• Interfere with daily activities 

• Impair judgment

• Alter reality

• Hippocrates

• Believed that nature was a strong healing force

• Viewed mental illness as an imbalance of humors (air, fire, water, and earth)

Plato

• Recognized life as a dynamic balance maintained by the soul.

  • Rational soul (head)

  • Irrational soul (heart and abdomen)

• Believed that mental illness resulted when the rational soul was not able to control the irrational soul.

• Strong Arabic influence was felt in Europe.

• Arabs had an extensive knowledge of drugs and awareness of the relationship between emotions and disease. 

• Universities were established.

Witch hunting was officially launched in 1487 with…

publication of the book, The Witches’ Hammer.

• The first English institution for mentally ill people was founded in…

• 1247 by the Sheriff of London.

Protestant religion started in…

1517

Mentally ill individuals at their worst in

17th century

Philippe Pinel (18th Century)

• In 1792, he liberated mentally ill patients from their chains.

• Advocated for treating and accepting people with mental illnesses as human beings.

Dr. Benjamin Rush (19th Century – United States)

• Became an early American crusader for the humane treatment of the mentally ill.

• Authored Diseases of the Mind, the first psychiatric textbook written in the United States.

Dorothea Dix (19th Century – United States)

• Surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses to expose poor conditions.

• Her advocacy and public voice led to major improvements in the care of mentally ill individuals.

Alice Fisher (19th Century – United States)

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A nurse trained by Florence Nightingale who arrived in the United States in 1884.

• Marked the beginning of real improvements in American mental health care (such as at the Philadelphia Almshouse).

Clifford Beers (Early 1900s)

• Wrote A Mind That Found Itself about his personal experiences as a mental patient, which awakened national social consciousness.

• Helped establish the Committee for Mental Hygiene in 1909, focusing on removing the stigma of mental illness.

Sigmund Freud (Early 1900s)

• A neurophysiologist who developed psychoanalysis, the first comprehensive theory of mental illness based on clinical observation.

• Centered his theory on repressed sexual energies and believed internal and external forces acting on the personality caused mental illness.

John Cade (Mid-20th Century)

• Discovered that lithium carbonate could effectively control mood swings in bipolar (manic-depressive) illness.