new vocabulary 9/28 - 10/2

Vitreous Humor

the clear, gel-like substance that fills the large space between the eye’s lens and the retina

retina

innermost coat of the eye, formed of sensitive nerve elements and connected with the optic nerve

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

a single layer of pigmented cells located just outside the light-sensitive retina, sitting between the photoreceptors and the underlying blood supply known as the choroid

nerve fiber layer (NFL)

the innermost layer of the retina that carries visual signals from the eye to the brain

rod photoreceptor

a light-sensitive nerve cell in the retina of the eye that provides vision in dim light and black and white peripheral vision

cone photoreceptor

light detecting cells in the retina that enable color vision and sharp visual detail in bright light

macula

the area of the retina close to the center of the back of the eye that provides detailed central vision

optic disc

head of the optic nerve

optic nerve

a never of sense of sight that carries impulses from the retina to the brain

cup to disc ratio (C/D)

a clinical measurement used to eye doctors to compare the size of the central “cup” to the total diameter of the optic “disc” when examining the eye

physiologic blind spot

the sightless “hole” in the normal visual field that corresponds to the location of optic disc, where there are no photoreceptors

superior rectus

extraocular muscle attached to the upper side of the globe; its 3 functions are to elevate the eye, turn the eye inward, and rotate the eye inward

inferior rectus

extraocular muscle attached to the underside of the globe; its 3 functions are to more the eye downward and inward towards the nose (abduction) and rotate the eye outwards

medial rectus

extraocular muscle attached to the inner (nasal) side of the globe; function is to move the eye inward toward the nose (adduction)

Lateral rectus

extraocular muscle attached to the outer (temporal) side of the globe; moves the eye outward towards the ear (abduction)

superior oblique

extraocular muscle attached to the upper, outer side of the globe; its 3 functions are to move the eye downward, outwards, an to rotate inwards

Inferior oblique

extraocular muscle attached to the lower, outer side of the globe; its 3 functions are to elevate the eye, abduct the eye, and rotate it outwards

Ora serrata

the jagged, front edge of the retina that marks the boundary where the light-sensitive seeing parts of the eye transitions into the non-seeing ciliary body

Choroid

vascular, intermediate coat that furnishes nourishment to the other parts of the eyeball

Fundus

inside the eye, primarily the retina, the optic disc, and the retinal vessels that can be seen with an opthalmoscope

Fundus photography

a non-invasion diagnostic technique that uses a specialized low-power microscope and camera to capture high-resolution images of the interior surface of the eye

intorsion

the inward rotation of the top of the eye toward the nose

extorsion

the outward, rotatuibal movement of the eye along its

elevation

the vertical height or protrusion of a point on the corneal surface relative to a geometric reference shape

Depression

moving the eyeball downward so that your gaze is directed toward the floor or ground

Abduction

the outward movement of a single eye away from the nose (laterally toward of the eye)

Adduction

the inward movement of the eye toward the center of the face, or the nose

Visual pathway

the route that is taken by light-generated nerve impulses after they leave the eye

optic chiasm

crossing of the fibers of the optic nerves on the lower surface of the brain

optic tract

the part of the brain between the optic chiasm and the lateral geniculate body

lateral geniculate body

the part of the brain, along the visual pathway, where optic fibers synapse to the optic radiation and transmit visual impulses

optic radiations

the nerve fibers that transmit visual information from the lateral geniculate body ro the visual cortex

visual cortex

the area of the brain responsible for the initial conscious registration of visual information; the designation of electric (nerve) impulses from the retina

fixation

to gaze at something so that a viewed object is imaged on the fovea

fusion

power of coordination bye which the images received by the 2 eyes become a single images