AP worldhistory unit 4 vocab

Chcarterd Companies

group of fprivate investors who paid an annual fee to France or England in exchange for monopoly control over trade

Prince Henry the Navigator

1419- founded navigational school and funded exploration of the West Coast

Vasco Da Gama

Arrived in India, direct route to destroy Ottoman shipping and establish a monopoly on the spice trade

Christopher Columbus

Believed you could get to Asia by sailing West, Finaced by Queen Isabella, set sai 8/1492 lands 10/12/1492, Believed he reached Asia (eventually realized this was not the case, West Indies)

Ferdinand Magellan

1st known circumnavigation of the world

Northwest Passage

James Cook, Sir Francis Drake, Jacques Cartier all sought this route as an alternate link to Asia through North America

Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494

Newly disvovered land in the new world would be divided as follows. West was Spain, East was Portugal

Hernan Cortes

Conquistador, conqest of the Aztec Empire

Francisco Pizarros

Conquistador, conquest of the Inca Empire

Mercantilism

Economic theory based on tge idea that the world’s wealth was static and each state had to acquire as much of that wealth as possible by possessing colonies, saving silver, exporting goods, and placing high tariffs on import. Associated with absolute power

Commercial Revolution

Period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism lasting from the 16th century up to the early 18th century

Galleons

Heavily armed Spanish ships that carried silver from the Americas across the Atlantic and Pacific

Colombian exchange

The global diffusion of plants, food crops, animals, human populations, and disease after the voyages of Christopher Colombus

Monoculture

Growing 1 crop o the same land year after year, can exhaust soils, reduce enviroment diversity

sugarcane

Labor-intensive cultication crop that was a cash crop of the Americas and was most responsible for the rise of slavery in Americas

Viceroys

King reporesentatives in the New World

Bartolome de las Casas

Spanish priest who worte about Spanish brutality in the New world. Social class system in Spanish America

Penisulares

Born in Spain

Creoles

Descendants of peninsulares, born in America

Mestizos

Native and Spanish

Mulattos

African and Spanish

Encomienda System

Gave encomenderos (Spanish settlers) rights to force natives to work in mines or fields. In return, Spanish would Chrtianize and take care of the Native

Vodun

Syncretic religion

• West African animism and Catholicism

• Mainly in Haiti

Santeria

Syncretic Religion

• Aja people in West Africa and Christianity

• In Cuba

Seven Years’ War

conflict between Britian and France over the Ohio River Valley, 1756-1764, France lost Canada, England in control of East Coast