Acid and Bases

acid

a molecular compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. H will appear at the beginning of the chemical formula

the H will be bonded to

an anion

ide

hydro_ic acid

ite

_ous acid

ate

_ic acid

formulas

use these rules in reverse to identify the anion the add as many H+ as needed to cancel charges

Bases

compounds that release OH- ions in water. A common prop of bases that contain the hydroid ion

binary acid

an acid that consists of H and one other element (2 elements total)

Oxy acids

an acid that contains that contains an oxyanion (polyatomic ion with oxygen)

electrolytes

are compounds that separate into ions when dissolved in water forming a solution of ions and water

solvent consists of

solute- is dissolved and solvent- what solutes dissolved in

strength

the extent of dissociation/ ionization a compound undergoes on water: an intrinsic property of the substance

strong

nearly all of the molecules dissociate into individual ions

weak

most of the molecules stay together/ very few dissociate

concentration

amount of a given compound (solute) dissolved in the solvent

concentrated

contains relatively more solute

dilute

contains relatively less solute

liquid indicators

solutions that change color based in pH

universal indicator

a combination of liquid indicators to produce a rainbow of colors

paper indicators

paper with a liquid indicator in it

pH paper

available in broad or narrow ranges of pH

litmus

paper can only indicate acid or base

pH meters or pH probes

electronically measures pH and gives a numerical value, more precise but more difficult to maintain

cation

positive charged metal

anion

negatively charged non metal

an atom looses electrons when?

its positive

an atom gains electrons when?

its negative

what does a molecular formula show?

the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule of a compound when naming an ions

ite or ate is a what

anion

ic is a what

cation

nomenclature

rules for writing chemical names and formulas

subscript

shows the number of atoms of each element

ionic compound

metal and non metal, uses roman numerals

ion

an atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative charge from transferring electrons to/from another atom - not neutral

binary compound

a compound containing just 2 elements

monatomic ion

a single atom with a charge - one capital letter

polyatomic ion

more than one atom that together have a charge - 2 or more capital letters

multivalent metal

a metal that has more than one possibility for canonic change

molecular/covalent compound

nonmetal, prefixes

pH scale

a numerical scale scale that measures acidity/alkalinity

acid chart

hydrogen ion, sour, 0-7, react w active metals to produce the gas

base/ alkalis chart

hydroxide ion, bitter, 7-14, feel slippery