exam 5 real final

Kinetics of Trauma

Study of forces and energy transfer involved in traumatic injury

Kinetic Energy Formula

KE = 1/2mv²

First Impact

Vehicle strikes another object

Second Impact

Patient strikes vehicle interior

Third Impact

Internal organs strike inside of body

Deadly Adult Fall

Greater than 20 feet

Deadly Child Fall

Greater than 10 feet or 2-3 times child's height

Pressure Wave

Force produced by an explosion

Shrapnel

Flying debris produced by an explosion

Impact Injury

Injury caused when victim is thrown into an object

Primary Blast Injury

Injury from pressure wave

Secondary Blast Injury

Injury from shrapnel and debris

Tertiary Blast Injury

Injury from body being thrown into an object

Arterial Bleeding

Bright red blood that spurts with heartbeat

Arterial Bleeding Emergency Care

Direct pressure tourniquet if needed rapid transport

Venous Bleeding

Dark red blood with steady flow

Venous Bleeding Emergency Care

Direct pressure dressing and monitor for shock

Capillary Bleeding

Slow oozing blood from capillaries

Capillary Bleeding Emergency Care

Clean wound control bleeding apply dressing

Hemorrhagic Shock

Shock caused by significant blood loss

Hemorrhagic Shock Signs

Tachycardia cool clammy skin anxiety hypotension altered mental status

Hemorrhagic Shock Emergency Care

Control bleeding oxygen keep warm rapid transport

Compensated Shock

Early shock where blood pressure is maintained

Compensated Shock Signs

Tachycardia anxiety pale cool skin diaphoresis

Decompensated Shock

Shock where compensation fails and blood pressure falls

Decompensated Shock Signs

Hypotension altered mental status weak pulses

Irreversible Shock

Final stage of shock with severe organ failure

MAP

Mean arterial pressure average pressure in arteries

MAP Formula

DBP + 1/3(SBP − DBP)

Contusion

Bruise caused by bleeding under skin

Hematoma

Collection of blood beneath skin or tissue

Abrasion

Superficial scrape of skin

Laceration

Tear or cut in tissue

Avulsion

Tissue partially or completely torn away

Penetrating Wound

Object enters body tissues

Impaled Object

Object remains embedded in body

Impaled Object Emergency Care

Stabilize object do not remove transport

Amputation

Partial or complete loss of body part

Amputation Emergency Care

Control bleeding preserve amputated part rapid transport

Superficial Burn

Burn involving epidermis only

Superficial Burn Signs

Red painful dry skin

Superficial Burn Treatment

Cool water and dry sterile dressing

Partial Thickness Burn

Burn involving epidermis and dermis

Partial Thickness Burn Signs

Blisters redness severe pain

Partial Thickness Burn Treatment

Dry sterile dressing prevent hypothermia

Full Thickness Burn

Burn destroying all skin layers

Full Thickness Burn Signs

White black charred leathery skin little pain

Full Thickness Burn Treatment

Airway management treat shock rapid transport

Chemical Burn

Burn caused by corrosive substance

Chemical Burn Treatment

Brush away dry chemicals flush with water

Electrical Burn

Burn caused by electrical current

Electrical Burn Treatment

Ensure scene safety assess ABCs monitor heart

Rule of Nines

Method used to estimate burn body surface area

Head and Neck Burn Percentage

9%

Each Arm Burn Percentage

9%

Anterior Torso Burn Percentage

18%

Posterior Torso Burn Percentage

18%

Each Leg Burn Percentage

18%

Genitalia Burn Percentage

1%

Fracture

Break in a bone

Fracture Signs

Pain swelling deformity tenderness crepitus

Fracture Emergency Care

Splint assess CSM before and after splinting transport

Sprain

Stretching or tearing of a ligament

Sprain Signs

Pain swelling bruising decreased range of motion

Sprain Emergency Care

Immobilize joint apply cold pack

Strain

Stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

Strain Signs

Pain swelling weakness muscle spasm

Strain Emergency Care

Rest immobilize cold pack

Dislocation

Bone displaced from normal joint position

Dislocation Signs

Deformity severe pain swelling inability to move joint

Dislocation Emergency Care

Splint in position found assess CSM transport

Femur Fracture

Fracture of the femur often associated with severe blood loss

Femur Fracture Signs

Severe thigh pain deformity shortened leg swelling

Femur Fracture Emergency Care

Traction splint if indicated treat for shock rapid transport

Pelvic Fracture

Fracture of pelvic bones with high risk of internal bleeding

Pelvic Fracture Signs

Pelvic pain instability bruising shock

Pelvic Fracture Emergency Care

Minimize movement stabilize pelvis treat shock transport

Hip Fracture

Fracture near the hip joint

Hip Fracture Signs

Shortened externally rotated leg hip pain

Hip Fracture Emergency Care

Immobilize treat for shock transport

Concussion

Temporary disruption of brain function caused by trauma

Concussion Signs

Headache dizziness confusion nausea memory problems

Concussion Emergency Care

Monitor airway mental status spinal precautions

Amnesia

Loss of memory

Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to remember events before injury

Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories after injury

Subdural Hematoma

Venous bleeding between dura and arachnoid

Subdural Hematoma Signs

Gradual decline in consciousness headache unequal pupils

Subdural Hematoma Emergency Care

Airway oxygen rapid transport

Epidural Hematoma

Arterial bleeding between skull and dura

Epidural Hematoma Signs

Loss of consciousness lucid interval rapid deterioration

Epidural Hematoma Emergency Care

Airway oxygen rapid transport

Brain Herniation

Displacement of brain tissue due to increased intracranial pressure

Brain Herniation Signs

Unequal pupils posturing hypertension bradycardia

Basilar Skull Fracture

Fracture at base of skull

Basilar Skull Fracture Signs

Raccoon eyes battle sign CSF leakage

Basilar Skull Fracture Emergency Care

Spinal precautions airway management rapid transport

Raccoon Eyes

Bruising around eyes indicating basilar skull fracture

Battle Sign

Bruising behind ears indicating basilar skull fracture

Meninges

Three protective layers covering brain and spinal cord