Bacterial and eukaryotic cell growth

DNA in prokaryotes

circular chromosome w lots of loops

DNA where in prokaryotes

nucleoid

prokaryotes cell wall

yes, outside cell membrane

prokaryotes size

small

prokaryotes trasncription translation

spontaneous, could be at same time

eukaryotes DNA

linear chromosome

eukaryotes DNA where

nucleus

eukaryotes cell wall

none

eukaryotes size

larger

eukaryotes organelles

yes, mitochondria, nucleus ….

eukaryotes trasncription translation locations

trasncription in nucleus, translation cytoplasm

eukaryotes regulation

each step can be regulated separately

cells need (6)

water, right temp/pH, gases/oxygen, other environmental conditions

nutrient media

source of material cells need to grown/ divide

what cells take from nutrient media

water, ions/minerals, sugar/carbs, Amino acids, nucleotides/precursors, vitamins/ small organic molecules

individual cell growth 5

cell grows, increase size, produce cellular components, replicates DNA, divides

cell population

number of cell grows, increases, speeds on cell divans and survival

7 phases of population growth

lag,

acceleration

log

declaration

stationary

death

long term stationary

lag phase

cells adjust to new env, synthesize cellular components, little/no increase in population

acceleration

division rate increase

log

cells divide at rapid, relatively constant rate: DNA replcication, trasncriton, translation, division all running fast

declaration

growth rate slows as conditions become limited

stationary

new cells = cells dyings, population holds steady. nutrients limited, waste accumulate

death

cell death exceeds cell production

long term stationary

The population declines slowly and levels off at a low level

abundant nutrients (enough) cells…

synthesize cellular components, replicate DNA, divide fast

limited nutrients

alter gene expression, translation/trasncripion changes, growth and division slow, cells may enter stationary phase

unfavorable nutrient conditions

survival decreases, death phase