Us history Civil rights

Black codes

State laws passed by mostly southern states through 1865-1866 to limit freedom of African Americans as an effort to reinstate slave systems before emancipation

Sharecropping

agricultural system where families rent parts of land from a landowner in return for a portion of their crop to be given to the landowner at the end of each year

14th amendment

grants citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S guaranteeing equal protection under the law

15th amendment

prohibits the government and state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race

U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876)

Land mark court case that said the 14th amendment did not apply to private actors or state governments weakening federal civil rights enforcement during reconstruction

Social Darwinism

belief that people and groups are subject to the laws of natural selection and survival of the fittest in nature

Chinese Immigration Act(1882)

banned all immigration of Chinese laboror’s for 10 years

Wounded Knee Massacre(1890)

slaughter that killed 150-300 Lakota individuals

Plessy v Ferguson(1896)

upheld the constitutionality of separate but equal doctrine state racial segregation laws did not violate the constitution

Eugenics movement

movement aimed to “improve” the human species through selective breeding

Immigration act of 1924

limited the number of immigrants allowed into the united states by creating a national origins quota system