Neurons and Neuroglial Cells

Neuron

functional cells capable of conducting nervous signals

Classified by Function and Structure

multipolar

2 or more dendrites, single axon, most common type

Structure

Bipolar

Two distinct processes, one with dendrite, other is axon

cell body between processes, uncommon

Structure

Unipolar

Fused axon and dendrites with cell body off to side

structure

Afferent

Carry sensory information to CNS

Function

Efferent

Carry motor information from CNS to effectors

Function

Interneurons

Carry signal between neurons in the CNS

Function

Neuroglial Cells

Small supporting cells of nervous tissue

Found in CNS and PNS

Oligodendrocytes

form myelin

In CNS

Microglial Cells

Support Neurons, perform phagocytosis

In CNS

Astrocytes

Nourish Neurons and form blood-barrier

In CNS

Ependymal Cells

Line cavities of brain

In CNS

Schwann Cells

from myelin

In PNS

Satellite Cells

Wrap around cell bodies in ganglia

In PNS