ELAR Master Study Guide Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the key concepts from Domains I through V for the 7-12 ELAR Master Study Guide.

The Integrated ELA Model

A framework stating that listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking are interconnected skills that should not be taught in isolation.

LPAC

Language Proficiency Assessment Committee; the team that designates supports for English Learner (EL) students.

Dyslexia

A language-based reading disability affecting decoding, fluency, and spelling.

Dysgraphia

A writing disability affecting handwriting, spelling, and written expression.

Tier 1 Vocabulary

Everyday, conversational words like 'dog' or 'happy' that most students already know.

Tier 2 Vocabulary

General academic, cross-disciplinary words like 'analyze' or 'contrast' that represent the highest instructional priority.

Tier 3 Vocabulary

Domain-specific or technical terms like 'iambic pentameter' or 'photosynthesis' taught in the context of specific units.

Morphology

The study of breaking words into roots and affixes to determine their meaning.

Denotative Meaning

The literal, dictionary definition of a word.

Connotative Meaning

The emotional, cultural, or associative meanings attached to a word.

Semantic Mapping

A visual web strategy used to connect a word to related concepts.

Frayer Model

A four-box graphic organizer requiring a definition, characteristics, examples, and non-examples of a word.

Literal Comprehension

The level of reading that requires understanding what the text directly states.

Inferential Comprehension

Reading between the lines by using evidence and background knowledge to draw conclusions.

Evaluative Comprehension

The level of reading involving making judgments about the text, such as the effectiveness of an argument.

Synthesis

Combining ideas across multiple texts or ideas to form a new understanding.

Metacognition

Thinking about one’s own thinking while reading.

Skimming

A reading strategy used to get the general idea of a text.

Scanning

A reading strategy used to find specific information within a text.

Formative Assessment

Ongoing assessments used to inform instruction, such as exit tickets or observations.

Summative Assessment

End-of-unit or final evaluations, such as unit tests or final essays.

Norm-referenced Assessment

Assessments that compare a student's performance to a larger population, like state standardized tests.

Criterion-referenced Assessment

Assessments that measure student performance against a specific standard like the TEKS.

Archetype

A universal character pattern recurring across cultures, such as the hero, mentor, or trickster.

Foil

A character whose contrasting traits highlight the qualities of the protagonist.

In medias res

A narrative device where a story begins in the middle of the action.

Soliloquy

A dramatic convention where a character speaks their thoughts aloud alone on stage.

Dramatic Irony

A situation where the audience knows something that a character does not.

Hamartia

The fatal flaw of a tragic hero that leads to their downfall.

Ethos

A rhetorical appeal based on the credibility or authority of the speaker.

Pathos

A rhetorical appeal to the emotions of the audience.

Logos

A rhetorical appeal based on logic, evidence, and reasoning.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

Ad Hominem

A logical fallacy involving attacking the person rather than the argument.

Straw Man

A logical fallacy involving misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to defeat.

Misplaced Modifier

A grammar error where a modifier is placed in a way that it appears to modify the wrong noun.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

A framework for proactive instructional design that provides multiple means of representation, expression, and engagement for all learners.

Accommodation

Changes how a student accesses or demonstrates learning without altering grade-level expectations.

Modification

Changes what a student is expected to learn, often altering or reducing grade-level expectations.

IEP

Individualized Education Program; a document for students with disabilities under IDEA that provides specialized instruction and services.

504 Plan

A plan providing accommodations and supports for students with impairments that limit major life activities, under the Rehabilitation Act.

FERPA

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act; law protecting the confidentiality of student records.

Child Find

An IDEA requirement for schools to actively identify, locate, and evaluate all children with disabilities.

MTSS

Multi-Tiered Systems of Support; a three-tier prevention and intervention model for academic and behavioral needs.

Primary Source

An original, firsthand account or artifact from the time period being studied.

Secondary Source

An analysis or interpretation of primary sources, such as a textbook or biography.

CRAAP Test

A method for evaluating sources based on Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose.

Active Voice

A sentence structure where the subject performs the action; generally preferred in academic writing for clarity.

TELPAS

Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System; used to assess the English proficiency levels of ELs.

Literal Reading Comprehension

What the text directly states: understanding the explicit meaning of words and phrases without inference or interpretation.

Inferential Reading Comprehension

Reading between the lines; using evidence and background knowledge to draw conclusions or make inferences about the text's deeper meaning.

Evaluative Reading Comprehension

Making judgements about the text based on criteria such as quality, reliability, and credibility.

Synthesis Reading Comprehension

Combining ideas across texts or ideas to form new undestanding

Schema

the network of knowledge a reader already has; the single most important factor in reading comprehension

Quantitative Text Complexity

Word length, sentence length, syllable count, lexile level

Qualitiative Text Complexity

Text structure, author’s purpose, figurative language, density of ideas, assumed knowledge

Reader and Task Text Complexity

Student’s background knowledge, motivation, purpose for reading

metacognition reading strategies

thinking about your own thinking while reading

monitoring comprehension

means you notice when you don’t understand something

focused reading routines

are structured, evidence-based habits and classroom activites designed to improve secondary students’ reading comprehension, fluency, and critical thinking

text-dependent questions

questions that require the text to answer (not just opinion)

annotation

marking the text to construct and clarify meaning

reading for different leavels of meaning

first read for gist, second for structure, third for deeper analysis

collaborative conversation

structured discussion after reading

written response

synthesizing understanding in writing

focused/close reading strategy

for deep understanding

pre-reading strategies

activates prior knowledge such as KWL or anticipation guides

indpendent reading

students build reading stamina

self-monitoring skills

knowing when comprehension breaks down

comprehension repair strategies

what to do when comprehension breaks down such as adjusting reading pace or re-reading for context clues

self-selection strategies

choosing appropriately challengin texts

increasing time on task

volume of reading correlates directly with reading growth

root - bene

meaning - good/well; benevolent

root - bio

meaning - life; biology

prefix - pre

meaning - before; predict

prefix - anti

meaning - against; anticlimatic

suffix - ist

meaning - one who practices; realist

suffix - logy

meaning - study of; etymology

metaphor

direct comparison without like or as; life is a journey

simile

comparison using like or as; her voice was like honey

irony

saything the opposite of what is meant; what lovely weather during a storm

paradox

a statement that seems contradictory but reveals truth; less is more

oxymoron

two contradictory terms together; bittersweet

allusion

reference to a well-known text, event, or person; he was a real romero

alliteration

repeition of initial consonant sounds; peter piper picked

assonance

repetition of vowel sounds within words; the rain in spain stays mainly in the plains

consonance

repetition of consonant sounds within/at end of word; pitter patter

anaphora

repetition of a word/phrase at the beginning of successive clauses; we shall fight, we shall never surrender

euphmism

a mild word substituted for a harsh one; passed away for died

metonymy

a related concept used in place of the literal; the pen is mightier than the sword

rhetorical question

a question asked for effect, not an answer

tone

the author’s attitude toward toward the subject

mood

the emotional atmosphere created for the reader

voice

the distinctive style and personality of the author

diction

word choice and its effect

syntax

sentence structure and its effect

juxtaposition

placing contrasting indeas or images side by side; bittersweet

parallelism

grammatically similar structure for emphasis

chiasmus

reversed grammatical structure in successive phrases

antithesis

contrasting ideas in parallel structure; hope for the best, prepare for the worst