2.2 + 2.3 : Group 2 + Group 7

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1
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Describe the process for titanium extraction from titanium oxide

(2.2)

1 - TiO2 solid is converted into TiCl4 liquid at 900 temp.

  • TiO2 + 2C + 2Cl2 → TiCl4 + 2CO

2 - TiCl4 = purified using FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

3 - Ti is extracted from TiCl4 by reaction with Magnesium in Argon atmosphere at 500 degrees » prevents Mg reacting with O2 in air


2
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Describe the issues with titanium extraction (5)

(2.2)

  • Mg = expensive due to high reactivity + must be extracted from its ore

  • Batch process = slow due to filling up + emptying reactors then waiting to cool down

  • TiCl4 = susceptible to hydrolysis » moisture must be removed

  • Ar = also expensive

  • High temps used in steps 1 & 2 » costly.


3
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Describe the uses of G2 Hydroxides : Mg(OH)2 + Ca(OH)2

Mg(OH)2:

  • Used in antacids to treat indigestion by neutralising excess HCl acid in stomach

  • Used in Milk of Magnesia as a suspension of Mg(OH)2 in water.

Ca(OH)2:

  • Used in agriculture as Lime » neutralise acidic soil and increase soil fertility

  • Found in solution as limewater » used to test for CO2 » turns from colourless to cloudy + forms CaCO3 precipitate.


4
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