Pig Notifiable Diseases

List the pig notifiable diseases

Vesicular diseases

• FMD

• SVD

• Vesicular Stomatitis

• Vesicular Exanthema

• Seneca Valley A virus

Haemorrhagic Diseases

• Classical Swine Fever

• African Swine Fever

Others

• Teschen Disease

• PED High Pathogenic

• Aujeszky’s Disease

• Brucella suis

• Anthrax

• Rabies

What agent is FMD?

Picorna virus

What are the features of FMD?

• Affects cloven-hoofed livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs) and various wildlife species (buffalo)

• Highly contagious

• Variable severity

• Difficult to control and a major international trade issue

• Serious production losses, mortality in youngstock

What is the incubation period of FMD? What does it depend upon?

2-14 days

• Dose of virus

• Strain

• ROI

How is FMD spread?

• Fluid in blisters, saliva, urine, dung, milk and exhaled air, at height of virus in blood too

• Direct contact

• Fomites

• AI

• Consumption of contaminated products (swill feeding)

• Airborne- can spread up to 60km on land and 300km over sea

• Humans can harbour it and infect other animals

What are the clinical signs of FMD?

• More severe in cattle and pigs

• Pyrexia

• Sudden lameness- tendency to lie down and unwilling to move

• Formation of vesicle- feet, snout or tongue

  • Usually heal within 7 days but prone to 2° infections

• Large n° of herd affected, any age

• Abortion or sudden death in piglets

• Death can occur before development of blisters due to multifocal myocarditis

What are the lesions associated with?

FMD

• Day 1- area above coronary band swollen and appears to sit higher htan normal, white coronary band full of liquid and hot

What are the Ddxs of FMD?

• Swine vesicular disease

• Vesicular exanthema

• Vesicular stomatitis

• Seneca Valley A virus (not notifiable)

• Chemical agent

• Trauma

Aside from pigs what does ASF infect?

infects Ornithodorus ticks

What are the features of ASF?

• Large, DNA virus

• Asfarviridae family

• Clinical signs dependent upon infecting isolate and host

• No vaccine available

What are the modes of tranmission of ASF?

• direct,

• indirect (feed, fomites, biological vectors),

• within tick

Why is ASF such a concern?

• Threat to food security

• Concern for biodiversity as it also affects wild boats

What are the clinical signs of ASF?

• Peracute form: sudden death, few signs

• Acute form: death within few days, pyrexia, anorexia, apathy, incoordination, V+D, no age dependency, cyanosis of extremities - mortality up to 100%

• Subactute: Less intense signs, slight fever, red appetite and depression, abortion, mortality rate 30-70%

• Chronic: various signs, develops over months, low mortality and some survivors may become carriers for life

Variety of pathology due to range of CS

What agent causes CSF?

Pestivirus

How is CSF transmitted?

• Oral / oronasal route (virus can survive for months or years in pork, when frozen)

• Mucus membranes

• Skin abrasions

• Aerosols

• Fomites

• Carrier animals

What is the incubation period of CSF?

2-15 days but in field conditions up to 4 weeks

What are the clinical signs of CSF?

• Highly virulent isolated: Pyrexia, weakness, anorexia, conjunctivitis, constipation followed by watery diarrhoea, vomiting, incoordination or an unsteady gait, skin haemorrhages or cyanotic discolouration, death within 1 – 3 weeks, severe leukopenia

• Mod virulent: sim to above but less severe, course prolonger and lower mortality rate

• Low virulent or partial immunity herds- chronic disease: vary a lot, breeding herds may only see poor repro performance

What pathological lesions does CSF cause?

• Haemorrhages

What are the differentials for CSF?

• ASF-> Lab test!!

• Septicaemias- salmonellosis, erysepielas, pasteurellosis, haemophilus

• Other abortion causes- Aujeszky's, PRRS, Parvovirus

• Runting- PMWS, campylobacteriosis, swine dysentery

What are the features of PED and TGE?

• Coronaviruses

• 2 different types: PED type 1 (growing pigs), PED type 2 (all ages)

• High mortality below 3 weeks

• Profuse watery scour and vomiting- can also be seen in adults

• Lab tests to differentiate between PED and TGE

What are the features of Teschen Disease?

• Enterovirus causing polioencephalomyelitis

• Virus worldwide

• Talfan is a mild form occassionally reported in UK

• High fever, incoordination, inappetance, tremors, convulsions, death

• All ages can be affected

What are the features of Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies/Mad Itch)?

• Herpesvirus - persistent infection

• Windborne- can spread 100km

• Kills farm dogs and cats

• Eradicated from most NW Europe

What is the presentation of Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies/Mad Itch)?

• Affects all ages of pigs

• Adults

  • Abortion storms, mummification

  • Mild pyrexia, anorexia, vomiting

• Piglets from 3 days up to weaning

  • Vomiting & diarrhoea progressing to nervous signs with pyrexia (incoordination, dog siting, muscle tremor, opistotonus, convulsions)

  • Mortality reduces with age

• Weaners and growers

  • Pyrexia, incoordination progressing to dog siting , convulsions and death

  • Pneumonia