IGOs/ Non-state Actors

What is an intergovernmental organization (IGO)?

An organization consisting of three or more nation-states that have signed a treaty establishing the organization and specifying its purposes.

What are the typical organs of an IGO?

A deliberative body, an executive organ, an administrative organ, and specialized agencies.

What is the purpose of the deliberative body in an IGO?

To discuss policy.

What role does the executive organ play in an IGO?

It makes policy decisions.

What function does the administrative organ serve in an IGO?

It implements policy.

How can IGOs challenge nation-states?

By requiring members to modify their behavior in accordance with the IGOs' goals.

What is one perceived benefit of membership in an IGO?

Promotion of peace, enhancement of trade, and encouragement of cooperation.

What is a potential downside for nation-states joining IGOs?

Loss of some degree of sovereignty.

What power does the World Trade Organization (WTO) have over its members?

The power to declare a member's trade policy in violation of membership terms and impose sanctions.

What was the WTO's ruling regarding US tariffs on imported steel in 2003?

The WTO ruled that the tariffs would violate global trade rules, leading the US to remove them.

What is the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

An IGO established to adjudicate matters such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

What significant shift does the ICC represent regarding nation-state sovereignty?

It allows an outside court to render judgment on the actions of state officials.

What types of crimes does the ICC try state officials for?

Genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

When was the International Criminal Court (ICC) established?

In 2002.

What anxiety do nation-states face regarding IGOs?

The anxiety that IGOs may gain more power and impose sanctions on members.

What is a common mechanism IGOs have for resolving conflicts among members?

A mechanism for the adjudication of conflicts and disagreements.

Why do nation-states generally accept the compromises required by IGOs?

Because the perceived benefits of membership outweigh the loss of sovereignty.

What happens to the duties and responsibilities of IGOs as more nation-states join?

They may acquire more duties, responsibilities, and powers.

What is the legal foundation for the establishment of an IGO?

A treaty signed by the member nation-states.

What is a challenge faced by nation-states in the international arena?

The rise of non-state actors, including IGOs.

How do IGOs typically operate?

Through various organs designed to help achieve their purposes.