AP World History (ch 26)

The decolonization movement in Africa and Asia after World War II was __________.

relatively peaceful, with a few exceptions

What can be said about Germany's status in the years immediately following the end of World War II?

Germany was divided into four zones administered by the former Allied powers.

The Christian Democratic political movement, which emerged after the end of World War II in Western Europe, advocated parliamentary democracies and __________.

moderate social reform

One major goal of welfare states established in Western Europe after World War II was to __________ in this region.

reduce economic inequality

As economic growth slowed in the Western world during the 1970s and early 1980s, new leadership in Britain and the United States, respectively led by Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, succeeded in __________.

reducing the impact of the welfare state

What can be said of the impact of the European Union between its establishment in 1957 and its current role in the twenty-first century?

The European Union has expanded to include additional Western European nations as well as former communist nations in Eastern Europe.

Postwar developments in the overseas West, which was made up of the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, paralleled those in Western Europe, although innovation in __________ policy was less great.

domestic

The most significant issue Canada dealt with in the postwar era was the __________.

separatist movement in French-speaking Quebec

What can be said of the role of Western workers from the 1950s onward?

Social lines became less distinctive as educational opportunities increased.

Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex and Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique addressed __________.

literal equality between the genders that played down special domestic roles and qualities

During the 1960s, Jean-Luc Godard, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Ingmar Bergman advanced European __________.

filmmaking

The Soviet Union established a controlling sphere of influence and buffer zone in Eastern Europe during the Cold War primarily as a way to __________.

prevent another German invasion

In 1949, the Warsaw Pact was established among the Soviet Union and the Eastern European nations under its control as a __________.

defensive alliance against the West

What can be said of the Orthodox church in the Soviet Union after the 1917 Russian Revolution?

The Soviet regime greatly limited the Orthodox church's outreach.

Which of the following best describes Soviet culture during the Cold War?

Soviet culture placed great emphasis on science and social science.

Winston Churchill coined the term "Iron Curtain" in 1946 to describe the division between __________.

free and repressed societies in Europe

The Marshall Plan was designed by the United States to __________.

provide loans to help Western European nations rebuild after World War II

Technocrats became influential in the West after World War II because their training and skills were essential in dealing with __________.

enlarged government bureaucracies resulting from the establishment of the welfare state

Many of the protest movements that occurred in Western democracies during the 1960s were led by __________.

students

The European Union achieved complete economic unity in 1992 when it __________.

dismantled all trade and currency exchange barriers that existed among member countries

Since the end of World War II in 1945, U.S. and European societies have converged due to __________.

a shared popular culture and their advanced industrial economies

Canada outpaced the United States in the years immediately after World War II in __________.

establishing a state-run medical insurance program

After 1980, the United States tended to follow a policy of __________ in its foreign and military affairs.

intervention

The clearest innovation in family life in the postwar West came through the __________.

new working patterns for women

By the 1970s, nearly __________ of the total labor force in most Western countries was made up of women.

50 percent

What can be said of the Western birth rate after the end of World War II?

A brief increase in the Western birth rate came to an end in the 1960s.

How was the Soviet reaction to the establishment of liberal communist governments in 1956 different in Hungary than it was in Poland?

The Soviets cruelly crushed the new regime in Hungary but accepted the more popular Polish leader.

Membership in the Communist Party under Stalin's rule during the Cold War era was __________.

kept low to ensure the selection of the most dedicated members to the Soviet bureaucracy

Beginning in the Cold War era, Soviet and Western societies shared similar demographic patterns involving __________.

decreasing birth rates

U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower's "military-industrial complex" speech warned Americans to __________.

prevent the military and the armaments industry from having too much influence in government

Nazi Germany's use of forced foreign labor and the many boundary changes resulting from the end of World War II led to a __________ after the conclusion of this war.

refugee crisis in Western Europe

In 1956, Britain and France unsuccessfully attacked Egypt, trying to __________.

prevent the Suez Canal from being nationalized by the Egyptian government

The spread of the Cold War from Germany to most of Europe was demonstrated by the __________.

establishment of NATO and the Warsaw Pact as rival military alliances

The new West German constitution that was written after World War II avoided earlier mistakes made by the Weimar Republic during the 1920s by __________.

outlawing extremist political movements

The establishment of a welfare state in Britain after World War II was accomplished by the __________ Party.

Labour

What can be said about the impact of the welfare state on Western societies during the 1950s and 1960s?

Welfare commitments made up the largest component of Western government budgets outside the United States.

Because the United States had fewer environmental regulations, a more modest welfare apparatus, greater church attendance by its citizens, and a population that was less open about issues related to leisure and sexuality in the postWorld War II era, it can be stated that U.S. society was more __________ than were Western European societies.

traditional

By the end of the 1960s, most European workers were employed in __________.

the service sector

As British international power declined during the Cold War era, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand began to __________.

forge stronger links with the United States and develop new economic contacts with other Pacific nations

President Harry Truman's promised support for "free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures" specifically applied to communist pressures on __________ in 1947.

Greece and Turkey

Cold War engagement by the United States during the late 1940s led to __________.

the creation of the Defense Department and the Central Intelligence Agency

Dwight Eisenhower's policy of containment of the Soviet Union during the 1950s meant that the United States __________.

developed a series of foreign alliances meant to prevent the spread of communism outside of the Soviet Union

Social distinctions between the middle class and the working class in Western societies were maintained because the middle class had greater opportunities for __________.

leisure

As the role of women in Western Europe and the United States changed in the postwar era, the idea that "a loving family is the finest thing, something to work for, to look to and to look after" would have been most prevalent among the __________.

working class

__________ was the one Western nation that did not extend suffrage to women until the 1970s.

Switzerland

Critics of Western popular culture during the 1960s and 1970s __________.

were concerned that popular culture would distract people from ongoing social problems, such as social inequality

The Soviet Union established a protectorate over the communist regime in the East Asian nation of __________ to match the U.S. protectorate in the neighboring noncommunist nation.

North Korea

Although Yugoslavia had a communist regime under Tito's leadership, it __________ during the Cold War.

remained neutral

The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 to __________.

prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West

A strong emphasis on central controls coupled with demagoguery and paranoia best described __________.

Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union

The Soviet government differed from former Russian tsarist rule in that it __________.

fostered greater industrialization

Soviet writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn was exiled to the United States for criticism of Soviet __________ in his trilogy The Gulag Archipelago.

Siberian prison camps

The Soviet Union became a fully industrial society between the 1920s and the 1950s due mainly to __________.

the rapid growth of manufacturing and a rise in the urban population to more than 50 percent of the total

The Soviet idea to produce at all costs resulted in __________.

severe damage to the environment

When Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev boasted to the United States that "we will bury you," he was implying that the Soviet Union could __________.

outdo the West in industrial performance